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American Family Physician June 1, 2002 S. Craig Humphreys	Neuroimaging in Low Back Pain Patients commonly present to family physicians with low back pain. Because the majority of patients fully or partially recover within six weeks, imaging studies are generally not recommended in the first month of acute low back pain.
American Family Physician September 1, 2000 William F. Young	Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy A Common Cause of Spinal Cord Dysfunction in Older Persons
American Family Physician April 1, 2002 Deardre Chao	Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Diagnostic Challenge Epidural abscess of the spinal column is a rare condition that can be fatal if left untreated. The signs and symptoms of epidural abscess are nonspecific and can range from low back pain to sepsis...
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Is Low Back Pain Getting on Your Nerves? The pain and disability of low back pain are the most common reasons patients seek healthcare. Here are tools for diagnosis and treatment options.
American Family Physician May 1, 2002 Ramsis Benjamin	Neurologic Complications of Prostate Cancer Neurologic complications continue to pose problems in patients with metastatic prostate cancer...
Nursing September 2010 Donna Nayduch	Back to basics: Identifying and managing acute spinal cord injury Spinal cord injuries involve damage to the neurons of the spinal cord. They're often devastating because they're associated with life-threatening complications and loss of functional independence.
American Family Physician November 1, 2000 Jimmy D. Miller	Acute Brachial Plexus Neuritis: An Uncommon Cause of Shoulder Pain Patients with acute brachial plexus neuritis are often misdiagnosed as having cervical radiculopathy. Acute brachial plexus neuritis is an uncommon disorder characterized by severe shoulder and upper arm pain followed by marked upper arm weakness...
American Family Physician February 15, 2001 C. Randall Clinch	Evaluation of Acute Headaches in Adults Classifying headaches as primary (migraine, tension-type or cluster) or secondary can facilitate evaluation and management. A detailed headache history helps to distinguish among the primary headache disorders...
American Family Physician July 15, 2001 Swagerty & Hellinger	Radiographic Assessment of Osteoarthritis Worldwide, osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and it is among the most prevalent and disabling chronic conditions in the United States.
American Family Physician January 1, 2004 Old & Calvert	Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Elderly Compression fracture of the vertebral body is common, especially in older adults. Vertebral compression fractures usually are caused by osteoporosis. Family physicians can help patients prevent compression fractures by diagnosing and treating predisposing factors.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Forman, Forman & Rose	A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Wrist Pain Primary care physicians often are the first to evaluate and treat a patient with wrist pain. A detailed history alone may lead to a specific diagnosis in approximately 70% of patients who have wrist pain.
American Family Physician September 15, 2001 David S. Kushner	Concussion in Sports: Minimizing the Risk for Complications Mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, is a common consequence of collisions, falls and other forms of contact in sports. The physician's responsibilities in assessing an athlete with concussion include offering guidance about the athlete's ability to return to play...
American Family Physician October 15, 2001 Vincent Morelli	Groin Injuries in Athletes Groin injuries comprise 2 to 5 percent of all sports injuries. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to prevent these injuries from becoming chronic and potentially career-limiting...
American Family Physician August 2001 Saud Suleiman & David E. Johnston	The Abdominal Wall: An Overlooked Source of Pain When abdominal pain is chronic and unremitting, with minimal or no relationship to eating or bowel function but often a relationship to posture (i.e., lying, sitting, standing), the abdominal wall should be suspected as the source of pain...
American Family Physician December 1, 2006 Higdon & Higdon	Treatment of Oncologic Emergencies Family physicians should be familiar with oncologic emergencies because treatment often is necessary before consultation with a subspecialist.
American Family Physician October 15, 2006 John W. Whiteside	Management of Head and Neck Injuries by the Sideline Physician Injuries to the head and neck are common in sports. Sideline physicians must be attentive and prepared with an organized approach to detect and manage these injuries.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Nina Solenski	Transient Ischemic Attacks: Part I. Diagnosis and Evaluation Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is no longer considered a benign event but, rather, a critical harbinger of impending stroke.
American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part I. Initial Evaluation Musculoskeletal pain can be difficult for children to characterize. A logical and consistent approach to diagnosis is recommended, with judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing.
American Family Physician June 1, 2002 Daisy A. Arce	Evaluation of Constipation Constipation is the reason for 2.5 million physician visits per year in the United States, with more than one half of these visits to primary care physicians. The differential diagnosis of constipation and the approach to its evaluation differ in adults and children.
American Family Physician September 1, 2002 Judd & Kim	Foot Fractures Frequently Misdiagnosed as Ankle Sprains Most ankle injuries are straightforward ligamentous injuries. However, the clinical presentation of subtle fractures can be similar to that of ankle sprains, and these fractures are frequently missed on initial examination.
American Family Physician March 15, 2006 Cassas Cassettari-Wayhs	Childhood and Adolescent Sports-Related Overuse Injuries Each year in the United States, approximately 30 million children and teenagers participate in organized sports. Youth sports participation carries an inherent risk of injury, including overuse injuries. Here are key recommendations for practices.
American Family Physician August 15, 2002 Predey et al.	Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: New Treatment for Vertebral Compression Fractures Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a newer technique in which acrylic cement is injected through a needle into a collapsed or weakened vertebra to stabilize the fracture. This procedure is effective for treating certain types of painful vertebral compression fractures.
American Family Physician July 15, 2004 Tracy Aldridge	Diagnosing Heel Pain in Adults A thorough history and a physical examination of the lower extremity should be conducted to locate the pain, define its attributes, and narrow the differential diagnosis.
American Family Physician January 15, 2003 Brunner et al.	Hip Fractures in Adults Hip fracture is a major public health problem in the United States. When hip fracture is detected early, appropriate treatment can minimize morbidity and mortality and prevent the rapid decline in quality of life that often is associated with this injury.
American Family Physician September 1, 2002 Schwetschenau & Kelley	The Adult Neck Mass Family physicians frequently encounter neck masses in adult patients. A careful medical history should be obtained, and a thorough physical examination should be performed.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Okuyemi & Tsue	Radiologic Imaging in the Management of Sinusitis Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases treated by primary care physicians. Uncomplicated sinusitis does not require radiologic imagery. However, when symptoms are recurrent or refractory despite adequate treatment, further diagnostic evaluations may be indicated.
Managed Care March 2000 Susan Levine, Lawrence Perin, Diane Hayes, Winifred Hayes	An Evidence-Based Evaluation of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Costs are relatively low for this minimally invasive procedure, compared with open surgical interventions for vertebral compression fractures, such as internal fixation and spinal fusion.
American Family Physician September 1, 2000	Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) What is cervical spondylotic myelopathy? CDM is the most common spinal cord problem in people 55 years and older in the United States. If CSM is not treated, it will usually stay the same or get worse...
American Family Physician July 1, 2001 Brian V. Reamy	Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Review and Current Concepts Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is present in 2 to 4 percent of children between 10 and 16 years of age. It is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees accompanied by vertebral rotation...
Nursing April 2010 Michelle D. Smeltzer	Making a point about open fractures This article describes fractures, explains the difference between open and closed fractures, and tells how to care for a patient who's had an open fracture.
American Family Physician November 15, 2004 Peter A. Calabresi	Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis should be made by a physician with experience in identifying the disease. Five disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
American Family Physician May 1, 2002 K. Allen Greiner	Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Radiologic Decision-Making Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is lateral and rotational spinal curvature in the absence of associated congenital or neurologic abnormalities...
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Golden & Vikram	Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An Overview The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis can be elusive, necessitating a high index of suspicion. Physicians should obtain a thorough history focusing on risk behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis.
American Family Physician August 1, 2004 Snyder, Doggett & Turkelson	Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis This article reviews the evidence for conservative and surgical treatments for the disease that causes leg pain and difficulty walking, usually in elderly patients.
American Family Physician September 15, 2001 David S. Smith	Health Care Management of Adults with Down Syndrome The family physician's holistic approach to patients forms the basis of good health care for adults with Down syndrome...
American Family Physician December 1, 2003 Roth & Basello	Approach to the Adult Patient with Fever of Unknown Origin A thorough history, physical examination, and standard laboratory testing remain the basis of the initial evaluation of the patient with FUO.
American Family Physician November 1, 2006 Lyon & Clark	Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain in Older Patients Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint in older patients, but may be difficult to diagnose. Here are some common causes of abdominal pain in old patients and recommendations for treatment.
American Family Physician June 1, 2001 Herbert B. Newton	Neurologic Complications of Scuba Diving Recreational scuba diving has become a popular sport in the United States, with almost 9 million certified divers. When severe diving injury occurs, the nervous system is frequently involved...
American Family Physician April 1, 2002 Richard Brunader	Radiologic Bone Assessment in the Evaluation of Osteoporosis Because osteoporosis affects a large number of patients with potentially significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify patients at risk so that physicians can effectively intervene...
Nursing August 2011 Sandra C. Voda	Bad breaks: A nurse's guide to distal radius fractures The most common upper extremity fracture, distal radius fracture accounts for an estimated 17% of fractures treated in the United States emergency departments and 16% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons.
Nursing July 2009 Rachel L. Palmieri	Unlocking the secrets of locked-in syndrome Locked-in syndrome is characterized by complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except those that control blinking and vertical eye movements.
American Journal of Nursing July 2011 Brodkey et al.	Living Well with Multiple Sclerosis Improvements in magnetic resonance imaging and the advent of disease-modifying therapies in the past 15 years have changed the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis
Nursing December 2010 Teresa E. Hills	Determining brain death: A review of evidence-based guidelines No true standardization of brain death criteria is accepted nationwide, and procedures and protocols vary significantly among facilities.
Managed Care June 2005 Thomas Morrow	Spinal Disc Technology Seeks To Replace Body's Engineering Marvel Vertebral fusion and disc replacement are comparable, but shorter recovery time for disc replacement makes it attractive.
Nursing January 2010 Susan Simmons	Guillain-Barre syndrome: A nursing nightmare that usually ends well GBS is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis; its most common presentation is characterized by ascending, symmetric paralysis that usually affects the cranial nerves and the autonomic nervous system.
Managed Care October 2007 Thomas Morrow	Artificial Disc Now Available, But is it Better Than Other Therapies? The Prestige Cervical Disc system can replace a single disc from C3 to C7 and gives people with cervical disc disease another viable treatment option.
American Family Physician December 1, 2000	Letters to the Editor Osteopathic Medicine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain...
Nursing March 2010 Peg Gray-Vickrey	Gathering pearls of knowledge for assessing older adults If you attended nursing school more than 10 years ago, you may have received limited education about gerontological nursing. But as baby boomers age, this is becoming an increasingly important area of nursing practice.
American Journal of Nursing November 2011 Christine L. Cutugno	The 'Graying' of Trauma Care: Addressing Traumatic Injury in Older Adults Evidence-based strategies for managing trauma and its complications in this population.
Nurse Practitioner May 2012 Hammersla & Kapustin	Peripheral Neuropathy: Evidence-based treatment of a complex disorder Peripheral neuropathy is a common and often progressive condition frequently seen in primary care. The chronic pain associated with PN, or neuropathic pain, can significantly diminish patients' quality of life and be challenging to treat.