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American Family Physician January 1, 2001 Michael W. Wolfe	Management of Ankle Sprains Without adequate care, acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability. Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains...
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Coris & Lombardo	Tarsal Navicular Stress Fractures Stress fractures of the tarsal navicular bone are being recognized with increasing frequency in physically active persons. Diagnosis is commonly delayed, and outcome often suffers because physicians lack familiarity with the condition.
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Phillips, Reibach & Slomiany	Diagnosis and Management of Scaphoid Fractures Scaphoid fracture is a common injury encountered in family medicine. To avoid missing this diagnosis, a high index of suspicion and a thorough history and physical examination are necessary, because early imaging often is unrevealing.
American Family Physician November 15, 2006 Douglas Ivins	Acute Ankle Sprain: An Update Some evidence suggests that previous injuries or limited joint flexibility may contribute to ankle sprains.
American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Hatch & Hacking	Evaluation and Management of Toe Fractures Toe fractures are one of the most common fractures diagnosed by primary care physicians. Published studies suggest that family physicians can manage most toe fractures with good results.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Calmbach & Hutchens	Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Knee Pain: Part I History, physical examination, radiographs, and laboratory tests
American Family Physician November 15, 2004 Quillen, Wuchner & Hatch	Acute Shoulder Injuries It is important that family physicians understand the anatomy of the shoulder, mechanisms of injury, typical physical and radiologic findings, approach to management of injuries, and indications for referral.
American Family Physician March 15, 2006 Cassas Cassettari-Wayhs	Childhood and Adolescent Sports-Related Overuse Injuries Each year in the United States, approximately 30 million children and teenagers participate in organized sports. Youth sports participation carries an inherent risk of injury, including overuse injuries. Here are key recommendations for practices.
American Family Physician July 15, 2004 Tracy Aldridge	Diagnosing Heel Pain in Adults A thorough history and a physical examination of the lower extremity should be conducted to locate the pain, define its attributes, and narrow the differential diagnosis.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Calmbach & Hutchens	Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Knee Pain: Part II. Differential Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
Nurse Practitioner June 2012 Jane E. Corrarino	Stress fractures in runners Many runners in the United States are at risk for stress-related injuries, which are largely preventable. This article explores risks, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and rehabilitation.
American Family Physician January 15, 2007 Dixit et al.	Management of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common cause of knee pain in the outpatient setting. It is caused by imbalances in the forces controlling patellar tracking during knee flexion and extension, particularly with overloading of the joint.
American Family Physician January 1, 2004 Old & Calvert	Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Elderly Compression fracture of the vertebral body is common, especially in older adults. Vertebral compression fractures usually are caused by osteoporosis. Family physicians can help patients prevent compression fractures by diagnosing and treating predisposing factors.
American Family Physician October 15, 2004 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides When should radiographs be obtained in patients with an ankle or foot injury?
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Forman, Forman & Rose	A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Wrist Pain Primary care physicians often are the first to evaluate and treat a patient with wrist pain. A detailed history alone may lead to a specific diagnosis in approximately 70% of patients who have wrist pain.
American Family Physician January 15, 2003 Brunner et al.	Hip Fractures in Adults Hip fracture is a major public health problem in the United States. When hip fracture is detected early, appropriate treatment can minimize morbidity and mortality and prevent the rapid decline in quality of life that often is associated with this injury.
American Family Physician October 15, 2001 Vincent Morelli	Groin Injuries in Athletes Groin injuries comprise 2 to 5 percent of all sports injuries. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to prevent these injuries from becoming chronic and potentially career-limiting...
American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Leggit & Meko	Acute Finger Injuries: Part II. Fractures, Dislocations, and Thumb Injuries Family physicians can treat most finger fractures and dislocations, but when necessary, prompt referral to an orthopedic or hand surgeon is important to maximize future function. Examination includes radiography and physical examination to detect fractures.
American Family Physician August 15, 2001 Daisy Arce	Recognizing Spinal Cord Emergencies Physicians who work in primary care settings and emergency departments frequently evaluate patients with neck and back pain. Spinal cord emergencies are uncommon, but injury must be recognized early so that the diagnosis can be quickly confirmed...
American Family Physician June 1, 2002 S. Craig Humphreys	Neuroimaging in Low Back Pain Patients commonly present to family physicians with low back pain. Because the majority of patients fully or partially recover within six weeks, imaging studies are generally not recommended in the first month of acute low back pain.
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Sanderlin & Raspa	Common Stress Fractures Stress fractures are among the most common sports injuries and are frequently managed by family physicians. A stress fracture should be suspected in any patient presenting with localized bone or periosteal pain.
American Family Physician July 15, 2001 Swagerty & Hellinger	Radiographic Assessment of Osteoarthritis Worldwide, osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and it is among the most prevalent and disabling chronic conditions in the United States.
Nursing August 2011 Sandra C. Voda	Bad breaks: A nurse's guide to distal radius fractures The most common upper extremity fracture, distal radius fracture accounts for an estimated 17% of fractures treated in the United States emergency departments and 16% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons.
Nursing April 2010 Michelle D. Smeltzer	Making a point about open fractures This article describes fractures, explains the difference between open and closed fractures, and tells how to care for a patient who's had an open fracture.
American Family Physician May 15, 2001 Quincy C. Wang & Brett A. Johnson	Fingertip Injuries The family physician often provides the first and only medical intervention for fingertip injuries. Proper diagnosis and management of fingertip injuries are vital to maintaining proper function of the hand and preventing permanent disability...
American Family Physician February 15, 2004	The Newborn Foot An examination of the feet is an essential component of an evaluation of a newborn. Most deformities can be diagnosed easily with physical examination alone, using few diagnostic studies.
American Family Physician October 1, 2003 Tallia & Cardone	Diagnostic and Therapeutic Injection of the Ankle and Foot Joint and soft tissue injection of the ankle and foot region is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. This article reviews the injection procedure for the plantar fascia, ankle joint, tarsal tunnel, interdigital space, and first metatarsophalangeal joint.
American Family Physician February 1, 2007 Gravlee & Van Durme	Braces and Splints for Musculoskeletal Conditions Family physicians often must make decisions regarding the use of braces or splints in the management of musculoskeletal disorders. Bracing can be useful for acute injuries, and also for chronic conditions and in the prevention of injury.
American Family Physician October 1, 2004 Kucik, Clenney & Phelan	Management of Acute Nasal Fractures Treatment in the primary care setting begins with evaluating the injury, taking an accurate history of the situation in which the injury occurred, and ascertaining how the face and nose appeared and functioned before the injury occurred.
American Family Physician March 15, 2005 Mark H. Ebell	Evaluating the Patient with a Knee Injury What is the most appropriate evaluation for a patient with an acute knee injury? Traditionally, physical examination maneuvers, such as the Lachman test, the pivot shift, the anterior drawer, and the McMurray test, have been recommended for patients with acute or subacute knee injury.
American Family Physician August 15, 2002 Predey et al.	Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: New Treatment for Vertebral Compression Fractures Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a newer technique in which acrylic cement is injected through a needle into a collapsed or weakened vertebra to stabilize the fracture. This procedure is effective for treating certain types of painful vertebral compression fractures.
American Family Physician February 1, 2001 Craig C. Young	Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. The pain is usually caused by collagen degeneration (which is sometimes misnamed "chronic inflammation") at the origin of the plantar fascia at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus...
American Family Physician April 15, 2004 Daniels, Zook, & Lynch	Hand and Wrist Injuries:Part I. Nonemergent Evaluation Diagnosis of upper extremity injuries depends on knowledge of basic anatomy and biomechanics of the hand and wrist. This article reviews an anatomic-based examination of the hand and wrist, allowing a quick evaluation of a patient in a nonemergent setting.
American Family Physician May 15, 2003 Cardone & Tallia	Diagnostic and Therapeutic Injection of the Hip and Knee Joint injection of the hip and knee regions is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. In this article, the injection procedure for the greater trochanteric bursa, the knee joint, the pes anserine bursa, the iliotibial band, and the prepatellar bursa is reviewed.
American Family Physician December 1, 2002 Cardone & Tallia	Diagnostic and Therapeutic Injection of the Elbow Region Joint injection of the elbow is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. In this article, the injection procedures for the elbow joint, medial and lateral epicondylitis, and olecranon bursitis are reviewed.
Nursing December 2011 Judith A. Nagle	Getting "hip" to hip hemiarthroplasty This article discusses arthroplasty, the surgery used to restore motion to a joint and function to the muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues that control the joint.
American Family Physician April 1, 2002 Richard Brunader	Radiologic Bone Assessment in the Evaluation of Osteoporosis Because osteoporosis affects a large number of patients with potentially significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify patients at risk so that physicians can effectively intervene...
American Family Physician February 15, 2004	Regional Anesthesia for Office Procedures: Part II. Extremity and Inguinal Area Surgeries Anesthesia procedures for extremety snd inguinal area surgeries.
American Journal of Nursing August 2011 Karen Roush	Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Review This article provides an overview of osteoporosis, describes current recommendations for its prevention and treatment, and discusses nursing implications.
AskMen.com Kathleen Blanchard	Penis Fracture Penis fractures are rare, but they certainly do happen. And immediate treatment is the only way to ensure your chances of successful recovery.
American Family Physician April 1, 2003 Campion & Maricic	Osteoporosis in Men Osteoporosis in men is now recognized as an increasingly important public health issue. Increased awareness by physicians of risk factors for male osteoporosis -- and early diagnosis and treatment -- are needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality resulting from osteoporotic fractures.
American Family Physician January 15, 2007 Kelly Colleen McDonald	Child Abuse: Approach and Management A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to adequately evaluate and treat child abuse victims; however, the responsibility often lies with the family physician to recognize and treat these cases at first presentation to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
AskMen.com November 1, 2001 Ian Lee	Preventing Sports Injuries You don't need expensive gear to prevent injuries; just the basics and a bit of knowledge...
American Family Physician April 1, 2003 Rodriguez et al.	Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports Sports and recreational activities are becoming increasingly popular and account for more than 40,000 eye injuries each year in the United States. Athletes should be educated by team physicians about proper eye and facial protection and encouraged to use protective devices.
American Family Physician June 15, 2006 Rao & Cherukuri	Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician's Role One in five persons dies in the first year after sustaining a hip fracture, and those who survive past one year may have significant functional limitation. Although surgery is the main treatment for hip fracture, family physicians play a key role as patients' medical consultants.
AskMen.com Sabrina Rogers	Top 10 Common Sports Injuries Read on to find out which injuries are most common, as well as ways to prevent and treat these ailments.
Nurse Practitioner June 2009 Ivy M. Alexander	Pharmacotherapeutic management of osteoporosis and osteopenia The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis, continues to increase.
American Family Physician June 15, 2002 Thomas J. Zuber	Ingrown Toenail Removal Ingrown toenail is a common problem resulting from various etiologies including improperly trimmed nails, hyperhidrosis, and poorly fitting shoes. Excision of the lateral nail plate combined with lateral matricectomy is thought to provide the best chance for eradication.
American Family Physician October 1, 2002	How to Care for Your Ankle Sprain What is an ankle sprain?... What should I do after an ankle sprain?... What can I take for pain?... After my ankle sprain heals, what can I do to strengthen my ankle?... What can I do to help prevent another ankle sprain?...
Seasoned Cooking July 2005 Michael Fick	Dem Bones Unless we patients, our doctors, and the whole medical profession change our acts, our aging population, lazier lifestyles, and junk food diets will lead to half of Americans over the age of 50 having osteoporosis or being at high risk for it.