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American Family Physician December 1, 2002 Bazemore & Smucker	Lymphadenopathy and Malignancy The majority of patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy have easily identifiable causes that are benign or self-limited. The critical challenge for the primary care physician is to identify which cases are secondary to malignancies or other serious conditions.
American Family Physician March 1, 2003 Viera et al.	Diagnosing Night Sweats Night sweats are a common outpatient complaint, yet literature on the subject is scarce. Serious causes of night sweats can be excluded with a thorough history, physical examination, and directed laboratory and radiographic studies.
American Family Physician October 1, 2003 Lo Re & Gluckman	Fever in the Returned Traveler With the rising popularity of international travel to exotic locations, family physicians are encountering more febrile patients who recently have visited tropical countries.
American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part I. Initial Evaluation Musculoskeletal pain can be difficult for children to characterize. A logical and consistent approach to diagnosis is recommended, with judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing.
American Family Physician October 1, 2005 Bidwell & Pachner	Hemoptysis: Diagnosis and Management Hemoptysis is the spitting of blood that originated in the lungs or bronchial tubes. The patient's history should help determine the amount of blood and differentiate between hemoptysis, pseudohemoptysis, and hematemesis.
American Family Physician September 1, 2002 Schwetschenau & Kelley	The Adult Neck Mass Family physicians frequently encounter neck masses in adult patients. A careful medical history should be obtained, and a thorough physical examination should be performed.
American Family Physician September 15, 2003 Richie & Francis	Diagnostic Approach to Polyarticular Joint Pain Polyarticular joint pain (i.e., pain in more than four joints) poses a diagnostic challenge because of the extensive differential diagnosis. Consequently, family physicians need to keep the diagnosis open in evaluating patients who present with pain in multiple joints.
American Family Physician July 1, 2003 Siva et al.	Diagnosing Acute Monoarthritis in Adults: A Practical Approach Acute monoarthritis can be the initial manifestation of many joint disorders. Because patients with acute monoarthritis often present to their family physician, a proper diagnostic approach is important.
American Family Physician July 15, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part II. Rheumatic Causes Primary care physicians should have a working knowledge of rheumatic diseases of childhood that manifest primarily as musculoskeletal pain. Children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can present with painless joint inflammation and may have normal results on rheumatologic tests.
American Family Physician January 15, 2006 Ann M. Khalsa	Preventive Counseling, Screening, and Therapy for the Patient with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection The epidemic of HIV continues, and the infection is converting into a treatable chronic disease; therefore, it is increasingly important for family physicians to be current with and comfortable in providing basic care to patients infected with HIV.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Golden & Vikram	Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An Overview The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis can be elusive, necessitating a high index of suspicion. Physicians should obtain a thorough history focusing on risk behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis.
American Family Physician November 1, 2006 Unwin et al.	Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis are common, closely related vasculitic conditions that almost exclusively occur in patients older than 50 years. They may be manifestations of the same underlying disease and often coexist.
American Family Physician November 1, 2006 Lyon & Clark	Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain in Older Patients Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint in older patients, but may be difficult to diagnose. Here are some common causes of abdominal pain in old patients and recommendations for treatment.
American Family Physician June 1, 2002 S. Craig Humphreys	Neuroimaging in Low Back Pain Patients commonly present to family physicians with low back pain. Because the majority of patients fully or partially recover within six weeks, imaging studies are generally not recommended in the first month of acute low back pain.
American Family Physician August 15, 2000 Harry D. Mckinnon	Evaluating the Febrile Patient with a Rash The differential diagnosis for febrile patients with a rash is extensive...
American Family Physician January 1, 2005 Jerry L. Old et al.	Imaging for Suspected Appendicitis Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery and must be distinguished from other causes of abdominal pain. Family physicians play a valuable role in the early diagnosis and management of this condition.
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Ostapchuk, Roberts & Haddy	Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children When diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia, physicians should rely mainly on the patient's history and physical examination, supplemented by judicious use of chest radiographs and laboratory tests as needed.
American Family Physician May 15, 2005 Hahn et al.	Evaluation of Poststreptococcal Illness Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and rarely asymptomatic carrier states are associated with a number of poststreptococcal suppurative and nonsuppurative complications.
Nurse Practitioner September 2010 Sarah E. Gay	An inside view of Venous Thromboembolism As the U.S. population ages, the medical and economic impact of VTE is expected to increase. The nurse practitioner plays a key role in providing prevention and intervention.
American Family Physician June 15, 2003 Kodner & Kudrimoti	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Acute interstitial nephritis is an important cause of acute renal failure resulting from immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury, initiated by medications, infection, and other causes.
American Family Physician April 15, 2005 Karnani, Reisfield & Wilson	Evaluation of Chronic Dyspnea Chronic dyspnea is defined as dyspnea lasting more than one month. Information is presented on diagnosis, assessment and treatment for chronic dyspnea.
American Family Physician October 1, 2006 Freeman & Shulman	Kawasaki Disease: Summary of the American Heart Association Guidelines Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of childhood that predominantly affects the coronary arteries. The etiology of Kawasaki disease remains unknown, although an infectious agent is strongly suspected based on clinical and epidemiologic features.
Nursing July 2011 Susan Simmons	Recognizing and Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis Here's what rheumatoid arthritis is, how it's diagnosed and treated, and what you can do to help patients manage the disease.
American Family Physician September 1, 2006 Heidelbaugh & Bruderly	Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Failure: Part I. Diagnosis and Evaluation Part I of a two-part on how to diagnose and determine treatment for cirrhosis and chronic liver failure.
American Family Physician September 15, 2005 Rindfleisch & Muller	Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis, affecting 0.8 percent of the adult population worldwide. It is a lifelong disease, although patients can go into remission. Physicians must be aware of common comorbidities.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Okuyemi & Tsue	Radiologic Imaging in the Management of Sinusitis Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases treated by primary care physicians. Uncomplicated sinusitis does not require radiologic imagery. However, when symptoms are recurrent or refractory despite adequate treatment, further diagnostic evaluations may be indicated.
American Family Physician November 15, 2005 Roscoe & Epperly	Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever The diagnosis of tick-borne relapsing fever requires an accurate characterization of the fever and a thorough medical, social, and travel history of the patient.
American Family Physician August 15, 2001 Daisy Arce	Recognizing Spinal Cord Emergencies Physicians who work in primary care settings and emergency departments frequently evaluate patients with neck and back pain. Spinal cord emergencies are uncommon, but injury must be recognized early so that the diagnosis can be quickly confirmed...
American Family Physician August 15, 2000 Ted D. Epperly	Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis are closely related inflammatory conditions that affect different cellular targets in genetically predisposed persons.
American Family Physician June 1, 2003 Leung & Sigalet	Acute Abdominal Pain in Children Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain.
American Family Physician July 15, 2004 Robertson & Montagnini	Geriatric Failure to Thrive Some elderly patients, including those who do not have acute illness or severe chronic disease, eventually undergo a process of functional decline, progressive apathy, and a loss of willingness to eat and drink that culminates in death.
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
American Family Physician March 15, 2002 Stephen K. Lane & Joseph W. Gravel, Jr.	Clinical Utility of Common Serum Rheumatologic Tests Many serum rheumatologic tests have been available for fewer than 10 years. As a result, some physicians are not fully aware of the indications, sensitivity, specificity, cost and clinical utility of these tests...
Nursing August 2009 Pullen et al.	Putting a face on systemic lupus erythematosus In this article, we'll tell you how to assess a patient for SLE and what to teach her about managing this chronic disorder.
Nurse Practitioner November 2010 Dreadin & Mancuso	Diagnostic breast evaluation: When to refer and what the results really mean Diagnostic breast imaging is an important tool in evaluating abnormal physical examination findings and assessing incomplete screening mammographic results.
American Family Physician November 15, 2005 William E. Cayley	Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain Distinguishing between serious and benign causes of chest pain is imperative, and diagnostic and prognostic questions are important in making this determination.
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 James C. Higgins & James M. Fitzgerald	Evaluation of Incidental Renal and Adrenal Masses Incidental renal or adrenal masses are sometimes found during imaging for problems unrelated to the kidneys and adrenal glands. Knowledgeable family physicians can reliably diagnose these masses, thereby avoiding unnecessary worry and procedures for their patients...
Nurse Practitioner September 2009 Laura LaRue	Sarcoidosis: A Granular View The NP integrates detailed history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing into determining the treatment plan for sarcoidosis.
Nursing January 2011 Carl A. Kirton	HIV: The Changing Epidemic Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV infection in the United States has evolved from an acute debilitating condition to a chronic, treatable illness.
American Family Physician March 15, 2004 Miriam T. Vincent	Pharyngitis While most patients with sore throat have an infectious cause (pharyngitis), fewer than 20 percent have a clear indication for antibiotic therapy. Useful, well-validated clinical decision rules are available to help family physicians care for patients who present with pharyngitis.
Nurse Practitioner November 2009 Ann Marie Hart	Treatment Strategies for Cough Illnesses in Adults Adults who experience a cough for 2 or more weeks along with vomiting or an inspiratory whooping sound should be evaluated and tested for B. pertussis infection.
American Journal of Nursing March 2010 Bradley-Springer et al.	Every Nurse Is an HIV Nurse The evolution of HIV infection into a chronic disease has implications across all clinical care settings. Every nurse should be knowledgeable about the disease in order to provide high-quality care to people with or at risk for HIV.
American Family Physician October 1, 2001 Michael Luszczak	Evaluation and Management of Infants and Young Children with Fever Acute febrile illness in an infant or a young child is a common clinical scenario that can be a diagnostic challenge. The evaluation is guided by the history and physical examination, along with judiciously selected screening tests...
American Family Physician May 1, 2005 Susan Klein	Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses Palpable breast masses are common and usually benign, but efficient evaluation and prompt diagnosis are necessary to rule out malignancy.
American Family Physician November 1, 2003 Zoorob & Campbell	Acute Dyspnea in the Office Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a common problem in the outpatient primary care setting. Establishing a diagnosis can be challenging because dyspnea appears in multiple diagnostic categories. Underlying disorders range from the relatively simple to the more serious.
American Family Physician March 1, 2005 Michael S. Schroeder	Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea Early diagnosis and prompt aggressive treatment are critical in managing C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Thibodeau & Viera	Atypical Pathogens and Challenges in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are implicated in up to 40 percent of cases of community-acquired pneumonia.
Nurse Practitioner May 2012 Diana L. Wadlund	Meeting the challenge of IBS IBS is the best studied, most common functional GI disorder, and is often characterized by debilitating symptoms without any pathologic findings. The predominant symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain and an alteration in bowel habits with an absence of organic pathology.
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Bradway & Rodgers	Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies Primary care NPs are often the first to identify and provide treatment for a variety of genitourinary conditions. These include acute urinary retention; priapism; obstructing renal calculi; and two acute scrotal emergencies - testes torsion and Fournier gangrene.
American Family Physician November 15, 2003 Cooper et al.	Primary Immunodeficiencies Primary immunodeficiencies include a variety of disorders that render patients more susceptible to infections. If left untreated, these infections may be fatal. The disorders constitute a spectrum of more than 80 innate defects in the body's immune system.