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American Family Physician December 1, 2005 Cole, Seto & Gazewood	Plantar Fasciitis: Evidence-Based Review of Diagnosis and Therapy Most interventions used to manage plantar fasciitis have not been studied adequately; however, shoe inserts, stretching exercises, steroid injection, and custom-made night splints may be beneficial.
American Family Physician May 1, 2002 Michael F. Mazzone	Common Conditions of the Achilles Tendon The Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body, is vulnerable to injury because of its limited blood supply and the combination of forces to which it is subjected...
American Family Physician February 1, 2001 Craig C. Young	Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. The pain is usually caused by collagen degeneration (which is sometimes misnamed "chronic inflammation") at the origin of the plantar fascia at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus...
American Family Physician October 1, 2003 Tallia & Cardone	Diagnostic and Therapeutic Injection of the Ankle and Foot Joint and soft tissue injection of the ankle and foot region is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. This article reviews the injection procedure for the plantar fascia, ankle joint, tarsal tunnel, interdigital space, and first metatarsophalangeal joint.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Calmbach & Hutchens	Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Knee Pain: Part II. Differential Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Forman, Forman & Rose	A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Wrist Pain Primary care physicians often are the first to evaluate and treat a patient with wrist pain. A detailed history alone may lead to a specific diagnosis in approximately 70% of patients who have wrist pain.
American Family Physician September 1, 2005 Wilson & Best	Common Overuse Tendon Problems: A Review and Recommendations for Treatment Distinguishing tendinopathy from tendonitis and recommendations on appropriate treatments.
American Family Physician March 15, 2006 Cassas Cassettari-Wayhs	Childhood and Adolescent Sports-Related Overuse Injuries Each year in the United States, approximately 30 million children and teenagers participate in organized sports. Youth sports participation carries an inherent risk of injury, including overuse injuries. Here are key recommendations for practices.
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Coris & Lombardo	Tarsal Navicular Stress Fractures Stress fractures of the tarsal navicular bone are being recognized with increasing frequency in physically active persons. Diagnosis is commonly delayed, and outcome often suffers because physicians lack familiarity with the condition.
American Family Physician September 1, 2002 Judd & Kim	Foot Fractures Frequently Misdiagnosed as Ankle Sprains Most ankle injuries are straightforward ligamentous injuries. However, the clinical presentation of subtle fractures can be similar to that of ankle sprains, and these fractures are frequently missed on initial examination.
American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part I. Initial Evaluation Musculoskeletal pain can be difficult for children to characterize. A logical and consistent approach to diagnosis is recommended, with judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing.
American Family Physician October 15, 2001 Vincent Morelli	Groin Injuries in Athletes Groin injuries comprise 2 to 5 percent of all sports injuries. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to prevent these injuries from becoming chronic and potentially career-limiting...
American Family Physician January 15, 2007 Dixit et al.	Management of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common cause of knee pain in the outpatient setting. It is caused by imbalances in the forces controlling patellar tracking during knee flexion and extension, particularly with overloading of the joint.
American Family Physician December 1, 2005	Plantar Fasciitis: What You Should Know A patient hand-out on the painful foot condition, its diagnosis and treatment options.
American Family Physician July 15, 2001 Swagerty & Hellinger	Radiographic Assessment of Osteoarthritis Worldwide, osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and it is among the most prevalent and disabling chronic conditions in the United States.
American Family Physician January 1, 2001 Michael W. Wolfe	Management of Ankle Sprains Without adequate care, acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability. Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains...
AskMen.com Abigail Ekue-Smith	Weekend Warrior Injuries A look at the most common sports injuries and how to prevent them.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Calmbach & Hutchens	Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Knee Pain: Part I History, physical examination, radiographs, and laboratory tests
American Family Physician August 15, 2001 Daisy Arce	Recognizing Spinal Cord Emergencies Physicians who work in primary care settings and emergency departments frequently evaluate patients with neck and back pain. Spinal cord emergencies are uncommon, but injury must be recognized early so that the diagnosis can be quickly confirmed...
American Family Physician June 1, 2002 S. Craig Humphreys	Neuroimaging in Low Back Pain Patients commonly present to family physicians with low back pain. Because the majority of patients fully or partially recover within six weeks, imaging studies are generally not recommended in the first month of acute low back pain.
American Family Physician July 1, 2003 Siva et al.	Diagnosing Acute Monoarthritis in Adults: A Practical Approach Acute monoarthritis can be the initial manifestation of many joint disorders. Because patients with acute monoarthritis often present to their family physician, a proper diagnostic approach is important.
American Family Physician February 15, 2004	The Newborn Foot An examination of the feet is an essential component of an evaluation of a newborn. Most deformities can be diagnosed easily with physical examination alone, using few diagnostic studies.
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Sanderlin & Raspa	Common Stress Fractures Stress fractures are among the most common sports injuries and are frequently managed by family physicians. A stress fracture should be suspected in any patient presenting with localized bone or periosteal pain.
American Family Physician September 1, 2001 Joan M. Bedinghaus	Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies Several effective and inexpensive over-the-counter treatments are available for minor but troubling foot problems...
Nurse Practitioner June 2012 Jane E. Corrarino	Stress fractures in runners Many runners in the United States are at risk for stress-related injuries, which are largely preventable. This article explores risks, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and rehabilitation.
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Is Low Back Pain Getting on Your Nerves? The pain and disability of low back pain are the most common reasons patients seek healthcare. Here are tools for diagnosis and treatment options.
American Family Physician July 15, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part II. Rheumatic Causes Primary care physicians should have a working knowledge of rheumatic diseases of childhood that manifest primarily as musculoskeletal pain. Children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can present with painless joint inflammation and may have normal results on rheumatologic tests.
American Family Physician September 15, 2003 Richie & Francis	Diagnostic Approach to Polyarticular Joint Pain Polyarticular joint pain (i.e., pain in more than four joints) poses a diagnostic challenge because of the extensive differential diagnosis. Consequently, family physicians need to keep the diagnosis open in evaluating patients who present with pain in multiple joints.
American Family Physician March 15, 2003 Tallia et al.	Diagnostic and Therapeutic Injection of the Shoulder Region The shoulder is the site of multiple injuries and inflammatory conditions that lend themselves to diagnostic and therapeutic injection. This article covers the anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and injection technique of common sites in which this skill is applicable.
Nursing August 2011 Sandra C. Voda	Bad breaks: A nurse's guide to distal radius fractures The most common upper extremity fracture, distal radius fracture accounts for an estimated 17% of fractures treated in the United States emergency departments and 16% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons.
Nursing April 2010 Michelle D. Smeltzer	Making a point about open fractures This article describes fractures, explains the difference between open and closed fractures, and tells how to care for a patient who's had an open fracture.
American Family Physician June 15, 2004 Kataria, & Brent	Spondyloarthropathies Identification, features and strength of recommendations of this diverse group of inflammatory arthritides.
American Family Physician November 1, 2001 Todd C. Sommer	Charcot Foot: The Diagnostic Dilemma Primary care physicians involved in the management of patients with diabetes are likely to encounter the diagnostic and treatment challenges of pedal neuropathic joint disease, also known as Charcot foot...
American Family Physician August 2001 Saud Suleiman & David E. Johnston	The Abdominal Wall: An Overlooked Source of Pain When abdominal pain is chronic and unremitting, with minimal or no relationship to eating or bowel function but often a relationship to posture (i.e., lying, sitting, standing), the abdominal wall should be suspected as the source of pain...
Nurse Practitioner May 2012 Hammersla & Kapustin	Peripheral Neuropathy: Evidence-based treatment of a complex disorder Peripheral neuropathy is a common and often progressive condition frequently seen in primary care. The chronic pain associated with PN, or neuropathic pain, can significantly diminish patients' quality of life and be challenging to treat.
American Family Physician November 1, 2000	Family Practice International Eales disease... Are Male Gender Roles Unhealthy?... Management of Heel Pain... Management of Agoraphobia...
American Family Physician June 1, 2003 Leung & Sigalet	Acute Abdominal Pain in Children Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain.
American Family Physician February 15, 2002 David J. Alvarez	Trigger Points: Diagnosis and Management Trigger points are discrete, focal, hyperirritable spots located in a taut band of skeletal muscle. They produce pain locally and in a referred pattern and often accompany chronic musculoskeletal disorders...
American Family Physician April 15, 2001 Lori J. Heim	Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Dyspareunia Dyspareunia is genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. Although this condition has historically been defined by psychologic theories, the current treatment approach favors an integrated pain model...
Nurse Practitioner November 2011 Tracy Brazziel et al.	Stopping the Wave of PAD Early detection and diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease is imperative. Here, learn the risk factors, screening and diagnosis for this disease.
American Family Physician February 15, 2004	Regional Anesthesia for Office Procedures: Part II. Extremity and Inguinal Area Surgeries Anesthesia procedures for extremety snd inguinal area surgeries.
Nursing September 2008 Susan Simmons Holcomb	Acute Abdomen: What a Pain! So many things - some life-threatening - can cause abdominal pain. Here's how to capture the clues quickly and accurately.
American Journal of Nursing March 2011 Jablonski et al.	The Use of Algorithms in Assessing and Managing Persistent Pain in Older Adults This article introduces readers to the use of algorithms in guiding the assessment and management of persistent pain in older adults, and provides an illustrative case study.
American Family Physician October 15, 2004 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides When should radiographs be obtained in patients with an ankle or foot injury?
American Family Physician July 15, 2002	Joint and Soft Tissue Injection What is a joint and soft tissue injection?... What will I feel during the injection?... What should I do after the procedure?... What should I expect after the procedure?...
Nursing Management March 2012 Yvonne D'Arcy	Pain and obesity It can be a challenge to provide effective pain management for obese patients; however, a multimodal pain management regimen that combines medications and complementary techniques can help increase pain relief.
Nurse Practitioner December 2011	Managing pain in obese patients Obesity-related pain conditions can limit the patient's efforts at increasing activity and limit quality of life. This article will offer information on these conditions and treatment options.
Nursing October 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Overturning barriers to pain relief in older adults This article will describe how to lower the barriers to effective pain control in older patients and provide practical tips for helping them receive the full benefit from pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies.
American Journal of Nursing April 2009	Understanding and Managing Burn Pain: Part 1 Despite advances in topical wound care and pharmacology, and a growing emphasis on palliative care, wound care is the main source of the pain associated with burn injury.
American Family Physician November 15, 2005 William E. Cayley	Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain Distinguishing between serious and benign causes of chest pain is imperative, and diagnostic and prognostic questions are important in making this determination.