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IEEE Spectrum April 2012 Liu et al.	MEMS Switches for Low-Power Logic A modern twist on a trusted old technology -- the electromechanical relay -- could lead to ultralow-power chips
IEEE Spectrum February 2012 Sung & Lee	Graphene: The Ultimate Switch Graphene could replace the transistor with switches that steer electrons just like beams of light
Technology Research News October 22, 2003	Single electrons perform logic The ultimate in transistors, which turn on and off in response to a flow of electricity, is a device that can be tripped by a single electron. Researchers from Hokkaido University have put together an AND logic circuit made from four single-electron tunneling transistors.
Technology Research News October 6, 2004 Kimberly Patch	Fluid chip does binary logic Researchers are working to combine many gates to make a microfluidic computing system. The technology could lead to inexpensive, easily-manufacturerd handheld labs-on-a-chip that do not require control electronics.
Technology Research News October 8, 2003 Eric Smalley	Magnetic memory makes logic Magnetic memory will soon put an end to the daily annoyance of waiting while your computer boots up from its hard disk. These chips that hold data when the power is off might also be capable of a lot more. Adding a few extra wires to each memory cell could turn the chips into efficient computer processors.
Technology Research News February 12, 2003 Eric Smalley	Logic scheme gains power Researchers from the University of Notre Dame have pushed an alternative computer chip architecture a step forward by finding a way to refresh the short-lived signals the scheme uses to represent the 1s and 0s of digital information.
Technology Research News January 28, 2004 Eric Smalley	Chemicals map nanowire arrays There are two challenges to getting nanowire arrays ready for prime time -- finding ways of accessing any particular nanowire junction, and connecting the devices to the outside world. Chemically modifying the right junctions could solve both problems.
Technology Research News November 19, 2003 Eric Smalley	Switch promises optical chips Computers have historically been electronic rather than photonic because lightwaves, while great for sending signals over long distances, are controlled by equipment that has proven difficult to shrink to computer chip scale. The rise of photonic crystals promises to narrow the gap.
Technology Research News January 15, 2003 Kimberly Patch	Heat's on silicon A researcher from Texas A&M University has shown that the laws of physics are close to catching up with Moore's Law in a way not widely thought about. The culprit is heat.
InternetNews August 18, 2010	Lyric Semiconductor Touts Probability Processors The firm sees big possibilities in the spaces between ones and zeros.
Technology Research News March 24, 2004 Eric Smalley	Molecular logic proposed Researchers from the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and University College London in England have devised a scheme for designing logic circuits within individual molecules.
IEEE Spectrum July 2011 Rachel Courtland	Superconductor Logic Goes Low-Power Energy-efficient superconducting circuits could be key to future supercomputers
Technology Research News May 19, 2004	Nanotube Sparks Could Cool Chips Researchers from Purdue University and have found a way to use carbon nanotubes to ionize air and generate minuscule air currents that can be used to cool computer chips.
IEEE Spectrum July 2012 Miguel Miranda	The Threat of Semiconductor Variability As transistors shrink, the problem of chip variability grows
Technology Research News March 12, 2003	Cold logic promises speedy devices Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory have made a superconducting logic circuit that computes very quickly and requires little power.
Technology Research News January 26, 2005	Magnetic Logic Becomes Practical Researchers from Stanford University have improved a way to program magnetic random access memory (MRAM) to carry out computations.
Military & Aerospace Electronics September 2007	Crane Electronics Offers Digital Switch Matrix Family The Electronics Group of Crane Aerospace & Electronics is offering a digital switch matrix family providing switching for high data rate emitter coupled logic signals as fast as 300 megabytes per second, or for the low data rate of RS-422 signals.
IEEE Spectrum April 2012 Rachel Courtland	Six Paths to Longer Battery Life These six technologies could save on smartphone power
IEEE Spectrum January 2008 Alexander Hellemans	Thermal Transistor: The World's Tiniest Refrigerator Thermal transistors refrigerate one electron at a time and physicists plan to compute with heat.
Technology Research News January 26, 2005 Eric Smalley	Nano Bridge Builds Logic Researchers from the Japanese National Institute for Materials Science have given an old technology -- the mechanical electric switch -- a quantum update.
Technology Research News March 26, 2003 Kimberly Patch	Design handles iffy nanocircuits Tiny circuits pose challenges that don't show up at larger scales. One of the biggest has to do with the number of defects in a device. Researchers are exploring ways to build defect tolerance into electronics so the hardware will work even when it contains a lot of faulty circuits.
IEEE Spectrum May 2011 Keane & Kim	Transistor Aging Measuring the degradation of microprocessors is tricky. Doing it better would unleash more processing power.
Chemistry World November 15, 2007 Tom Westgate	Computing Goes Into Solution South Korean scientists have developed the first soluble molecular logic gates - one step along the way to designing molecular computers and biological lab-on-a-chip devices.
Technology Research News November 3, 2004 Eric Smalley	Single Field Shapes Quantum Bits Researchers have recently realized that it may be possible to control the electrons in a quantum computer using a single magnetic field rather than having to produce extremely small, precisely focused magnetic fields for each electron.
Military & Aerospace Electronics November 2004 Janesch & Ivons	Choosing the Right Switch System Challenges Test Engineers Despite a variety of electronic systems, for all of them automation can improve them. An essential part of automated testing is a switching system, which routes signals between measurement instruments and the device under test (DUT).
IEEE Spectrum May 2006 Rahul Sarpeshkar	Brain Power Neuromorphic engineering has been around for 20 years, and its first fruits are finally approaching the market. The likely first application is bionics.
Technology Research News August 25, 2004 Eric Smalley	Tools Design DNA-Nanotube Logic Researchers are aiming to make the process of assembling molecular-scale components easier with a suite of computer-aided design tools for designing computer circuits made from carbon nanotubes assembled by DNA.
Industrial Physicist Konstantin Likharev	Hybrid Semiconductor-Molecular Nanoelectronics Many physicists and engineers believe that the impending crisis due to limitations in CMOS technology may be resolved only by a radical paradigm shift from purely CMOS technology to hybrid semiconductor-molecular circuits.
Technology Research News June 4, 2003	Microfluidics go nonlinear Researchers from the California Institute of Technology and the University of California at San Diego have constructed computer-logic-like circuits that control the flow of fluid through a chamber rather than the flow of electricity through a solid.
Chemistry World May 18, 2011 James Urquhart	Throwing light on molecular logic gates The multifunctional molecule, which can be reconfigured by light, could be used in data storage devices and biomedicine, including nanoparticle tracking and drug delivery.
Home Toys April 2005	How To Build An X-10 Broadcast Car Monitor Monitoring if your car is home or "on the road" with automation systems.
Home Toys June 2002 Roy Schofield	Using VIOM Versatile Input Output Module for Home Control Often adding timers, relays and assorted components can lead to a home automation system that is unreliable and difficult to service. The VIOM controller can provide a single-board solution giving a flexible and reliable solution.
IEEE Spectrum April 2005 Linda Geppert	Power to the Molecules A "crossbar latch" supplies the missing piece for a nanosize alternative to the transistor. Now, researchers at Hewlett-Packard plan to knit them into a huge circuit, hoping to put the technology on the market in about 10 years.
IEEE Spectrum May 2012 Samuel K. Moore	Landauer Limit Demonstrated Scientists show that a 50-year-old principle limiting future CMOS computing is real: Erasing information gives off heat
Technology Research News December 19, 2005	Quantum computing: qubits Quantum bits, or qubits, are the quantum equivalent of the transistors that make up today's computers. There are four established qubit candidates: ion traps, quantum dots, semiconductor impurities, and superconducting circuits.
IEEE Spectrum November 2007 Sarah Adee	Transistors Go Vertical The semiconductor industry fights silicon sprawl by building up, not out. Today's CMOS transistor is planar, but chip makers are exploring more power-efficient three-dimensional structures as well as a planar structure with two gates.
IEEE Spectrum May 2009 Neil Savage	Engineers Evolve Transistors for Next-Gen Chips Evolutionary algorithms lead to new logic and memory that may smooth the way as CMOS nears its size limits
The Motley Fool March 30, 2006 Jack Uldrich	IBM's Teeny Tiny Transistors Big Blue's new nanocircuit suggests that carbon nanotubes will soon be employed in hybrid computer circuit devices.
The Motley Fool July 18, 2006 Dan Bloom	ARM Plugs Chips' Leaks ARM and Taiwan Semi team up to produce a low-power chip.
IEEE Spectrum November 2008 Samuel K. Moore	New Class of Digital Signal Processor Wipes Out Wasted Power Hearing aids, power converters, medical implants, and telecommunications could benefit from continuous-time digital signal processing
IEEE Spectrum October 2007 Bohr et al.	The High-k Solution Microprocessors coming out this fall are the result of the first big redesign in CMOS transistors since the late 1960s.
The Motley Fool January 29, 2007 Jack Uldrich	IBM and Intel Install a New Gatekeeper Changes to transistor components will keep Moore's Law running smoothly. Which companies stand to come out on top? Investors, take note.
Home Theater March 26, 2002	PS Audio's New Power Director The Power Director performs AC conditioning, surge and spike protection, non-current limiting, and communication and switching interfaces for a custom home audio/video system or rack-mount environment...
IndustryWeek December 1, 2002 Patricia Panchak	Technologies Of The Year -- Molecular Electronics Hewlett-Packard breakthrough could extend limits of silicon chips.
Military & Aerospace Electronics January 2006	Fiber-Optic Switches That Meet Military and Space Qualifications Agiltron Inc. is offering the CL Series fiber-optical switches, which are ultra-high-reliability components. These devices are used in short and long haul telecommunications, instrumentation, WAN/PAN as well as satellite, ground-based, airborne, shipboard, and submarine systems.
Chemistry World March 27, 2008 Kira Welter	Silicon Circuits do the Twist Silicon circuits that can be bent, stretched and twisted without breaking or losing their electronic properties have been developed by US scientists.
IEEE Spectrum March 2010 James Turner	The Smart Power Strip A Web-enabled outlet tells you how much power an appliance is consuming and lets you turn it on and off remotely
Technology Research News June 30, 2004 Kimberly Patch	Software fuse shorts bugs Many of the problems are caused by conditions that software designers didn't anticipate.
Chemistry World July 24, 2008 Simon Hadlington	Nanotube mesh boosts plastic electronics Circuits on light, flexible surfaces could provide a range of products from paper-thin displays to intelligent food packaging and smart clothing.
Popular Mechanics February 5, 2010 Cassie Rodenberg	Solar-Powered Circuits Charge by Sunlight in Real-Time Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania unveiled the world's first solar-powered circuit in a January edition of ACS Nano. The technology shows particular promise for touchscreen devices