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IEEE Spectrum December 2008 R. Stanley Williams	How We Found the Missing Memristor The memristor -- the functional equivalent of a synapse -- could revolutionize circuit design
IEEE Spectrum December 2010 Versace & Chandler	MoNETA: A Mind Made from Memristors DARPA's new memristor-based approach to Artificial Intelligence consists of a chip that mimics how neurons process information
IEEE Spectrum August 2012 Steve Furber	Low-Power Chips to Model a Billion Neurons A miniature, massively parallel computer, powered by a million ARM processors, could produce the best brain simulations yet
Technology Research News January 28, 2004 Eric Smalley	Chemicals map nanowire arrays There are two challenges to getting nanowire arrays ready for prime time -- finding ways of accessing any particular nanowire junction, and connecting the devices to the outside world. Chemically modifying the right junctions could solve both problems.
IEEE Spectrum May 2006 Rahul Sarpeshkar	Brain Power Neuromorphic engineering has been around for 20 years, and its first fruits are finally approaching the market. The likely first application is bionics.
IEEE Spectrum May 2011 Keane & Kim	Transistor Aging Measuring the degradation of microprocessors is tricky. Doing it better would unleash more processing power.
IEEE Spectrum April 2012 Liu et al.	MEMS Switches for Low-Power Logic A modern twist on a trusted old technology -- the electromechanical relay -- could lead to ultralow-power chips
IEEE Spectrum October 2007 Bohr et al.	The High-k Solution Microprocessors coming out this fall are the result of the first big redesign in CMOS transistors since the late 1960s.
Technology Research News April 23, 2003 Eric Smalley	Nanocomputer skips clock Harnessing nanotechnology to build computer chips could lead to ultrafast, ultracheap, low- power computers. But today's chip designs don't translate well to the molecular scale. One proposal calls for throwing out the clock.
IEEE Spectrum February 2012 Sung & Lee	Graphene: The Ultimate Switch Graphene could replace the transistor with switches that steer electrons just like beams of light
Industrial Physicist Avouris & Appenzeller	Electronics and Optoelectronics with Carbon Nanotubes Evaluating the potential of carbon nanotubes as the basis of a future nanoelectronics technology.
IEEE Spectrum July 2012 Miguel Miranda	The Threat of Semiconductor Variability As transistors shrink, the problem of chip variability grows
InternetNews March 15, 2005 Michael Singer	HP Plots Its Nano Course Company believes in moving computing beyond silicon to the world of molecular-scale electronics.
Technology Research News January 15, 2003 Kimberly Patch	Heat's on silicon A researcher from Texas A&M University has shown that the laws of physics are close to catching up with Moore's Law in a way not widely thought about. The culprit is heat.
IEEE Spectrum December 2008 Sally Adee	The Fastest, the Smallest, and the Strangest at IEDM This year's IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, as usual, is largely a race to the bottom
IEEE Spectrum May 2009 Neil Savage	Engineers Evolve Transistors for Next-Gen Chips Evolutionary algorithms lead to new logic and memory that may smooth the way as CMOS nears its size limits
Technology Research News May 5, 2004 Eric Smalley	Y Switches Set up Low-Power Logic Researchers are looking into Y-branch switches, which have the potential to use less energy because they turn circuits on and off by directing electrons in one of two directions rather than opening and closing the circuit.
Technology Research News February 12, 2003 Eric Smalley	Logic scheme gains power Researchers from the University of Notre Dame have pushed an alternative computer chip architecture a step forward by finding a way to refresh the short-lived signals the scheme uses to represent the 1s and 0s of digital information.
IEEE Spectrum November 2011 Ahmed & Schuegraf	Transistor Wars Rival architectures face off in a bid to keep Moore's Law alive. In May, Intel announced the most dramatic change to the architecture of the transistor since the device was invented.
IEEE Spectrum February 2012 Rachel Courtland	Self-Assembly Takes Shape Researchers exploit new ways to make ICs and hard disks pull themselves together
Technology Research News October 22, 2003 Eric Smalley	Nanowires make flexible circuits Nanowires might one day be used to make microscopic machines. But before then they could help liberate computer circuits from the rigid, expensive confines of silicon chips. A process that makes thin films from semiconductor nanowires improves the prospects for plastic electronics and electronic paper.
IEEE Spectrum March 2011 Lucks & Arkin	Synthetic Biology's Hunt for the Genetic Transistor How genetic circuits will unlock the true potential of bioengineering
IEEE Spectrum May 2011 Wager & Hoffman	Thin, Fast, and Flexible Semiconductors Amorphous oxide semiconductors promise to make flat-panel displays faster and sharper than today's silicon standby.
Wired July 2000 Rick Overton	Molecular Electronics Will Change Everything The Next Big Thing is very, very small. Picture trillions of transistors, processors so fast their speed is measured in terahertz, infinite capacity, zero cost. It's the dawn of a new technological revolution - and the death of silicon. Can you say Thiophene Ethynylene Valley?
IEEE Spectrum October 2006 Brian R. Santo	Acronym Addiction When you live on the cutting edge of technology, there are, literally, no words to describe it. Instead we have acronyms. Lots and lots of acronyms. ABT... BEOL... CSP... etc.
Technology Research News August 25, 2004 Eric Smalley	Tools Design DNA-Nanotube Logic Researchers are aiming to make the process of assembling molecular-scale components easier with a suite of computer-aided design tools for designing computer circuits made from carbon nanotubes assembled by DNA.
IEEE Spectrum September 2010 Schow et al.	Get on the Optical Bus IBM's light-powered links overcome the greatest speed bump in supercomputing: interconnect bandwidth
IEEE Spectrum April 2005 Linda Geppert	Power to the Molecules A "crossbar latch" supplies the missing piece for a nanosize alternative to the transistor. Now, researchers at Hewlett-Packard plan to knit them into a huge circuit, hoping to put the technology on the market in about 10 years.
Industrial Physicist Theis & Coufal	How IBM Sustains the Leading Edge Although we constantly focus on the market, IBM Research has also produced a remarkable string of scientific firsts in physics and in other fields of science and engineering.
Technology Research News June 18, 2003 Kimberly Patch	Prefab key to molecular memory Nano-devices promise to use molecules as super-fast computer circuits, store fantastic amounts of information in a minuscule area and sense minute amounts of chemicals and biological materials. Researchers have brought these possibilities a step closer.
BusinessWeek September 5, 2005 Burt Helm	Horst Stormer And The Next Tiny Thing Scientists are working to harness molecules' natural ability to bond and assemble - and organize into high-performance, nano-size transistors and sophisticated circuits that will make today's computer chips seem like simpletons.
IEEE Spectrum January 2009 Neil Savage	Organic Semiconductor Breakthrough Could Speed Flexible Circuits An Illinois company says it has made the first practical complementary polymer circuits.
Technology Research News October 22, 2003	Single electrons perform logic The ultimate in transistors, which turn on and off in response to a flow of electricity, is a device that can be tripped by a single electron. Researchers from Hokkaido University have put together an AND logic circuit made from four single-electron tunneling transistors.
IEEE Spectrum May 2013 Alexander Hellemans	Nanowire Transistors Could Keep Moore's Law Alive Researchers are perfecting ways to produce gate-all-around devices
IEEE Spectrum January 2012 Rachel Courtland	Start-up Seeks New Life for Planar Transistors SuVolta is pursuing precision doping in its bid to compete with 3-D transistor technology
IEEE Spectrum February 2006 Holonyak & Feng	The Transistor Laser Ultrafast transistors that output optical and electrical signals open a new computing frontier.
Technology Research News December 3, 2003 Kimberly Patch	DNA assembles nanotube transistor Scientists have caused a transistor to self-assemble from a test tube concoction of DNA, proteins, antibodies, carbon nanotubes and minuscule specks of silver and gold. The feat shows that it is possible to assemble the smallest of machines and electronic devices by harnessing DNA's properties.
Technology Research News January 26, 2005	The How It Works Files Nanotechnology: The laws of physics behave differently at very small scales. At the nanoscale, electrons travel more quickly through wires, transistors can mete out electrons one at a time, objects stick to each other, and light can bend matter.
InternetNews January 16, 2007 David Needle	HP Claims Chip Advance Researchers say nanotechnology has let them pack many more transistors into chips.
Chemistry World August 23, 2012 Yuandi Li	Reversible photoswitch a boost for molecular electronics A team of international scientists has made a photocontrollable device, which, they say, shows potential for application in nanocircuits and helps the understanding of electrical conduction in molecular electronics.
Chemistry World August 24, 2006 Michael Gross	Biotronics Branches Out Harvard researchers have developed nanowire transistors that interface with individual neurons and, even better, with the individual neuronal extensions that reach out to contact other cells.
IEEE Spectrum February 2013 Andrew J. Steckl	Electronics on Paper Paper electronics could pave the way to a new generation of cheap, flexible gadgets
Technology Research News August 25, 2004	Hybrid Nanowire Makes Transistor One challenge in making minuscule electronic devices from nanoscale components is wiring the components together. Researchers have found a way to transform sections of semiconducting silicon nanowires into metallic, or conducting, nickel silicide.
Chemistry World December 23, 2009 Phillip Broadwith	Opening the gate for molecular electronics Chemists in Korea and the US have shown that the current running through a transistor made of a single molecule can be regulated by tweaking its molecular orbital energies.
CIO May 15, 2001 John Edwards	Upholding Moore's Law What's .03 microns long and can be turned on and off 10 billion times a second? It's a new transistor that has the potential to keep Moore's Law on the books for at least several more years...
Technology Research News October 22, 2003	Nanowires boost plastic circuits The move is on to develop flexible, cheap, plastic electronics, but so far organic circuits have fallen far short of silicon chip performance. Researchers from the Hahn-Meitner Institute in Germany have moved the field forward with a new way to make flexible transistors.
IEEE Spectrum April 2012 Rachel Courtland	Six Paths to Longer Battery Life These six technologies could save on smartphone power
Technology Research News September 8, 2004 Eric Smalley	Chip Architecture Uses Nanowires Nanoelectronics could eventually replace today's silicon chipmaking techniques when today's techniques run their course in a decade or two.
Reactive Reports October 2006 David Bradley	Amilra Prasanna "AP" de Silva An interview with the Queen's University of Belfast chemistry professor on his fascinating research into logical molecules.
Chemistry World June 27, 2013 Ian Randall	Molecular transistor for cheaper, greener electronics Chinese and Danish scientists have placed a transistor made from a single molecular monolayer onto an electronic chip. The new chip harnesses graphene oxide as a transparent electrode so that light can be used to switch the transistor.