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American Family Physician October 15, 2000 Kenneth B. Roberts	The AAP Practice Parameter on Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Infants and Young Children The Committee on Quality Improvement of the American Academy of Pediatrics developed an evidence-based practice parameter on the diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of the initial urinary tract infection in febrile infants and young children...
American Family Physician March 1, 2005 Ramakrishnan & Scheid	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults There are approximately 250,000 cases of acute pyelonephritis each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. The most common etiologic cause is infection with Escherichia coli.
American Family Physician January 15, 2006 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides - Treating Adult Women with Suspected UTI More than 7 million women are diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs) annually, making it one of the most commonly seen conditions in primary care. What is the best way to manage the condition?
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Colgan et al.	Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults A common dilemma in clinical medicine is whether to treat asymptomatic patients who present with bacteria in their urine. There are few scenarios in which antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic bacteruria has been shown to improve patient outcomes.
American Family Physician August 1, 2005 Susan A. Mehnert-Kay	Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Although the incidence of urinary tract infection has not changed substantially over the last 10 years, the diagnostic criteria, bacterial resistance patterns, and recommended treatment have changed.
American Family Physician April 15, 2002 Judy D. Bremnor	Evaluation of Dysuria in Adults Dysuria is the sensation of pain, burning, or discomfort on urination. Although many physicians equate dysuria with urinary tract infection , it is actually a symptom that has many potential causes. Empiric treatment with antibiotics may be inappropriate, except in carefully selected patients...
American Family Physician March 15, 2005 Simerville, Maxted & Pahira	Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review Although urinalysis is not recommended as a routine screening tool, physicians should know how to interpret urinalysis results correctly. This article reviews the correct method for performing urinalysis and the differential diagnosis for several abnormal results.
American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Pietrow & Karellas	Medical Management of Common Urinary Calculi Certain dietary changes can reduce risk of occurrence of kidney stones. Citrate medications will also increase levels of naturally occurring stone inhibitors.
American Family Physician October 1, 2001 Michael Luszczak	Evaluation and Management of Infants and Young Children with Fever Acute febrile illness in an infant or a young child is a common clinical scenario that can be a diagnostic challenge. The evaluation is guided by the history and physical examination, along with judiciously selected screening tests...
Managed Care October 2003	Making Water Run Downhill Treating severe vesicoureteral reflux involved complicated, expensive surgery. Now an injectable agent that forms a valve can lead to normal urination.
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Ostapchuk, Roberts & Haddy	Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children When diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia, physicians should rely mainly on the patient's history and physical examination, supplemented by judicious use of chest radiographs and laboratory tests as needed.
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Wong et al.	Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections To help physicians with the appropriate use of antibiotics in children and adults with upper respiratory tract infection, a multidisciplinary team evaluated existing guidelines and summarized key practice points.
American Family Physician May 15, 2006 McDonald, Swagerty & Wetzel	Assessment of Microscopic Hematuria in Adults Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible.
American Family Physician January 1, 2004	Urinary Reflux What is a urinary reflux?... Does a UTI mean there is something wrong with my child's urinary tract?... What kind of tests will the doctor do?... How is urinary reflux treated?
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 Darren M. Lynch	Cranberry for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections Systematic reviews have concluded that no reliable evidence supports the use of cranberry in the treatment or prophylaxis of urinary tract infections; however, more recent, randomized controlled trials demonstrate evidence of cranberry's utility in urinary tract infection prophylaxis.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Gary D. Grossfeld	Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Adults: Summary of the AUA Best Practice Policy Recommendations Blood in the urine (hematuria) can originate from any site along the urinary tract and, whether gross or microscopic, may be a sign of serious underlying disease...
American Family Physician January 1, 2004	Urinary Tract Infections in Children What is a urinary tract infection?... How will I know my child has a UTI?... What causes UTIs?... How are UTIs treated?... Can a UTI cause serious damage to the kidneys?... What if my child has UTIs again and again?
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 Charles P. Mouton	Common Infections in Older Adults Despite advances in antibiotic therapy, infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of mortality in older adults. The diagnostic and therapeutic nuances of managing infections in older adults create special challenges for physicians...
Managed Care October 2003	Study: Treatment of UT Infection Just Phone Call Away Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be managed safely and conveniently over the phone with low recurrence rates and a low incidence of other gynecological complications, researchers reported.
American Family Physician January 1, 2004	Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy What is a urinary tract infection?... How do I know I have a UTI?... How will a UTI affect my baby?... How are UTIs treated?... How do I know if the medicine is not working?... Can I keep this from happening again?
American Family Physician January 1, 2004	Urinary Tract Infections in Adults What causes urinary tract infections?... How do I know I have a UTI?... Why do women have UTIs more often than men?... How are UTIs treated?... What can I do if I have frequent infections?... Tips on Preventing UTIs
American Family Physician May 1, 2006 Luma & Spiotta	Hypertension in Children and Adolescents The prevalence and rate of diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents appear to be increasing. Most childhood hypertension, particularly in preadolescents, is secondary to an underlying disorder.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Thomas Hooton & Stuart Levy	Antimicrobial Resistance: A Plan of Action for Community Practice Antibiotic resistance was once confined primarily to hospitals but is becoming increasingly prevalent in family practice settings, making daily therapeutic decisions more challenging.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Eddie Needham	Management of Acute Renal Failure Acute renal failure is an acute loss of kidney function that occurs over days to weeks and results in an inability to appropriately excrete nitrogenous wastes and creatinine. In spite of this rapid decline in kidney function, patients with acute renal failure often have few symptoms.
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Bradway & Rodgers	Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies Primary care NPs are often the first to identify and provide treatment for a variety of genitourinary conditions. These include acute urinary retention; priapism; obstructing renal calculi; and two acute scrotal emergencies - testes torsion and Fournier gangrene.
Nursing December 2010 Dumont & Wakeman	Preventing catheter-associated UTIs: Survey report This article reviews the results of the survey, discusses best practices, and provides evidence-based rationales.
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
American Family Physician January 1, 2005	Urinary Tract Infections A patient hand-out on what causes urinary tract infections, possible signs of the disease, and treatment options.
American Family Physician August 1, 2005	Urinary Tract Infections: What You Should Know A patient hand-out on the disease, its diagnosis, treatment options and prevention.
American Family Physician September 15, 2001 Richard Colgan & John H. Powers	Appropriate Antimicrobial Prescribing: Approaches that Limit Antibiotic Resistance Physicians should be familiar with the clinical situations in which they should provide antibiotics and those in which they may safely be withheld...
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Andrew J. Portis	Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones The diagnosis and initial management of urolithiasis have undergone considerable evolution in recent years...
American Family Physician January 1, 2004	Painful Urination Why does it sometimes hurt when I urinate?... What will I need to tell my doctor?... What kind of tests will I need to have done?... How are UTIs treated?... What can I do if I keep getting UTIs?... etc.
American Family Physician November 1, 2002 Hashim & Guillet	Common Issues in the Care of Sick Neonates Some newborn infants require observation and care that is beyond the scope of a normal newborn nursery. In many hospitals, this level of care is designated intermediate, level II, or special care nursery. Infants in these nurseries may be managed by family physicians...
American Family Physician September 15, 2004 Johnson et al.	Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Part II. Glomerular Filtration Rate, Proteinuria, and Other Markers Family physicians should weigh the value of the National Kidney Foundation guidelines for their clinical practice based on the strength of evidence and perceived cost-effectiveness until additional evidence becomes available on the usefulness of the recommended quality indicators.
American Family Physician June 15, 2003 Kodner & Kudrimoti	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Acute interstitial nephritis is an important cause of acute renal failure resulting from immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury, initiated by medications, infection, and other causes.
American Family Physician December 1, 2000 Patrick J. Culligan & Michael Heit	Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evalution and Management Because the prevalence of urinary incontinence increases with age, a working knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of the various types of urinary incontinence is fundamental to the care of women...
American Family Physician September 15, 2000 Michael F. Carroll, M.D. & Jonathan L. Temte, M.D., Ph.D.	Proteinuria in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach Proteinuria is a common finding in adults in primary care practice. An algorithmic approach can be used to differentiate benign causes of proteinuria from rarer, more serious disorders.
Nursing March 2011 Ali & Gray-Vickrey	Limiting the Damage From Acute Kidney Injury This article will discuss your role in early detection and management of AKI with an emphasis on care for older adults.
American Journal of Nursing February 2009 Janet K. Specht	Assessment of Transient Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults Many caregivers erroneously consider urinary incontinence to be inevitable in older adults. Failure to identify and respond to transient urinary incontinence may lead to established incontinence and to other poor outcomes.
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 James C. Higgins & James M. Fitzgerald	Evaluation of Incidental Renal and Adrenal Masses Incidental renal or adrenal masses are sometimes found during imaging for problems unrelated to the kidneys and adrenal glands. Knowledgeable family physicians can reliably diagnose these masses, thereby avoiding unnecessary worry and procedures for their patients...
American Journal of Nursing September 2007 Kohtz & Thompson	Preventing Contrast Medium--Induced Nephropathy As understanding about contrast medium-induced nephropathy and its management evolves, nurses' awareness of research and guidelines for prevention and care is vital.
Nursing May 2010 Debra Castner	Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease This article will help you to recognize CKD and understand its stages so you can help your patient to modify risk factors, prevent further kidney damage, and manage complications. First, consider the scope of the problem.
American Family Physician October 15, 2002 Mahesh Krishnan	Preoperative Care of Patients with Kidney Disease Preoperative attention to common medical problems that occur in patients with impaired renal function can lower some surgical risks.
American Family Physician May 15, 2006	Microscopic Hematuria: What You Should Know A patient guide: What is microscopic hematuria?... What will my doctor do about the blood in my urine?... What are some risk factors for a serious problem in my urinary tract?...
Science News January 15, 2005 Christen Brownlee	The Beef about UTIs E. coli from beef cattle or other livestock may be causing drug-resistant urinary tract infections in women.
Chemistry World May 12, 2011 Mike Brown	Sugars recruited in fight against persistent infections Adding sugar to antibiotics can boost their effectiveness and prevent recurrent and chronic infections, according to researchers in the US.
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Edward Onusko	Diagnosing Secondary Hypertension Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure that results from an underlying, identifiable, often correctable cause. Only about 5 to 10 percent of hypertension cases are thought to result from secondary causes. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used to help determine a secondary cause of hypertension.
American Family Physician March 1, 2002 John M. Sauret	Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening syndrome resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers with leakage of muscle contents into the circulation. The most common causes are crush injury, overexertion, alcohol abuse and certain medicines and toxic substances...
American Family Physician September 15, 2005 Paul Gross	Diary From a Week in Pactice This family practitioner leaves his 14-year position to work with another group... Sees a 12-year old girl with abdominal pain... Discusses his career move with patients... etc.
American Family Physician January 1, 2005	Microscopic Hematuria A patient hand-out on common causes of red blood cells in the urine and what to expect from your doctor.