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American Family Physician October 15, 2000 Kenneth B. Roberts	The AAP Practice Parameter on Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Infants and Young Children The Committee on Quality Improvement of the American Academy of Pediatrics developed an evidence-based practice parameter on the diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of the initial urinary tract infection in febrile infants and young children...
American Family Physician May 15, 2001 Richard Kent Zimmerman	Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Young Children Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, approved in 2000 for use in the United States, was designed to cover the seven serotypes that account for about 80 percent of invasive infections in children younger than six years...
American Family Physician September 15, 2001 Richard Colgan & John H. Powers	Appropriate Antimicrobial Prescribing: Approaches that Limit Antibiotic Resistance Physicians should be familiar with the clinical situations in which they should provide antibiotics and those in which they may safely be withheld...
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Ostapchuk, Roberts & Haddy	Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children When diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia, physicians should rely mainly on the patient's history and physical examination, supplemented by judicious use of chest radiographs and laboratory tests as needed.
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 Charles P. Mouton	Common Infections in Older Adults Despite advances in antibiotic therapy, infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of mortality in older adults. The diagnostic and therapeutic nuances of managing infections in older adults create special challenges for physicians...
American Family Physician May 15, 2006 James S. Millar	Evaluation and Treatment of the Child with Febrile Seizure Up to 5% of children in North America and western Europe experience at least one episode of febrile seizure before six years of age. Most of these seizures are self-limited and patients do not require treatment.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Thomas Hooton & Stuart Levy	Antimicrobial Resistance: A Plan of Action for Community Practice Antibiotic resistance was once confined primarily to hospitals but is becoming increasingly prevalent in family practice settings, making daily therapeutic decisions more challenging.
American Family Physician December 15, 2005 Alper & Curry	Urinary Tract Infection in Children Until recently, the management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children has been controversial and based mainly on opinion, but new evidence regarding imaging studies and treatment prompted this review.
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Wong et al.	Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections To help physicians with the appropriate use of antibiotics in children and adults with upper respiratory tract infection, a multidisciplinary team evaluated existing guidelines and summarized key practice points.
American Family Physician August 15, 2000 Harry D. Mckinnon	Evaluating the Febrile Patient with a Rash The differential diagnosis for febrile patients with a rash is extensive...
American Family Physician October 15, 2004 Furman, Rayner & Tobin	Pneumonia in Older Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities Compared with community-dwelling persons, residents in long-term care facilities have more functional disabilities and underlying medical illnesses and are at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases. Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this group.
American Family Physician March 1, 2005 Ramakrishnan & Scheid	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults There are approximately 250,000 cases of acute pyelonephritis each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. The most common etiologic cause is infection with Escherichia coli.
American Family Physician January 15, 2004 Robert Steiner	Treating Acute Bronchiolitis Associated with RSV Treatment for infants with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) includes supplemental oxygen, nasal suctioning, fluids to prevent dehydration, and other supportive therapies.
American Family Physician February 1, 2006 Lutfiyya et al.	Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia When a patient presents with suspected community-acquired pneumonia, the physician should first assess the need for hospitalization using a mortality prediction tool, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index, combined with clinical judgment.
American Family Physician May 15, 2002 Alex H. Krist & Amy Crawford-Faucher	Management of Newborns Exposed to Maternal HIV Infection The management of infants whose mothers are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus involves minimizing the risk of vertical transmission of HIV, recognizing neonatal HIV infection early, preventing opportunistic infections, and addressing psychosocial issues...
American Family Physician October 1, 2003 Lo Re & Gluckman	Fever in the Returned Traveler With the rising popularity of international travel to exotic locations, family physicians are encountering more febrile patients who recently have visited tropical countries.
American Family Physician November 1, 2002 Hashim & Guillet	Common Issues in the Care of Sick Neonates Some newborn infants require observation and care that is beyond the scope of a normal newborn nursery. In many hospitals, this level of care is designated intermediate, level II, or special care nursery. Infants in these nurseries may be managed by family physicians...
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Thibodeau & Viera	Atypical Pathogens and Challenges in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are implicated in up to 40 percent of cases of community-acquired pneumonia.
American Family Physician March 15, 2002 Caroline M. Rudnick & Grant S. Hoekzema	Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections can result in serious morbidity and mortality...
American Journal of Nursing June 2008 Hart et al.	Acute Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance It is important that nurses understand antimicrobial resistance and learn how to help patients, family members, and friends manage acute respiratory infections appropriately.
American Family Physician February 1, 2001 Malcolm L. Brigden	Detection, Education and Management of the Asplenic or Hyposplenic Patient Management of patients with these conditions includes a combination of immunization, antibiotic prophylaxis and patient education...
American Family Physician December 1, 2001 Andrew D. Jung	Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants and Children Gastroesophageal reflux is a common, self-limited process in infants that usually resolves by six to 12 months of age. Effective, conservative management involves thickened feedings, positional treatment, and parental reassurance...
American Family Physician December 1, 2003 Roth & Basello	Approach to the Adult Patient with Fever of Unknown Origin A thorough history, physical examination, and standard laboratory testing remain the basis of the initial evaluation of the patient with FUO.
American Family Physician September 15, 2001 Keith Sinusas & Amy Gagliardi	Initial Management of Breastfeeding This article describes ways in which family physicians can facilitate the early initiation and long-term success of breastfeeding in their patients...
American Family Physician February 15, 2007 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides It is possible to predict the likelihood of bacterial meningitis in children with suspected meningitis.
American Family Physician May 15, 2005 Hahn et al.	Evaluation of Poststreptococcal Illness Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and rarely asymptomatic carrier states are associated with a number of poststreptococcal suppurative and nonsuppurative complications.
American Family Physician April 1, 2002 Nadine Cox	Infant Botulism Although the worldwide incidence of infant botulism is rare, the majority of cases are diagnosed in the United States. A high index of suspicion is important for the diagnosis and prompt treatment of infant botulism, because this disease can quickly progress to respiratory failure...
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
Managed Care September 2003 William Silverman	Is Selective Use of Palivizumab Appropriate in Premature Infants? In reference to the article in the May 2003 issue of Managed Care entitled "A Health Care Management Company's Experience with Palivizumab," the assertions made by William Silverman, MD, in that article deserve comment.
American Family Physician April 15, 2006 Karl E. Miller	Diagnosis and Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Chlamydia trachomatis infection most commonly affects the urogenital tract. In men, the infection usually is symptomatic, with dysuria and a discharge from the penis. Most women with chlamydial infection have minimal or no symptoms, but some develop pelvic inflammatory disease.
American Family Physician November 15, 2005 Roscoe & Epperly	Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever The diagnosis of tick-borne relapsing fever requires an accurate characterization of the fever and a thorough medical, social, and travel history of the patient.
American Family Physician August 15, 2004 Roberts, Ostapchuk & O'Brien	Infantile Colic The physician's role is to ensure that there is no organic cause for the crying, offer balanced advice on treatments, and provide support to the family. Colic is a diagnosis of exclusion that is made after performing a careful history and physical examination to rule out less common organic causes.
American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Robert C. Langan	Discharge Procedures for Healthy Newborns Physicians should use a checklist to facilitate discussions with new parents before discharging their healthy newborn from the hospital. The checklist should include information on breastfeeding, warning signs of illness, and ways to keep the child healthy and safe.
American Family Physician September 1, 2000 Gary N. McAbee & James E. Wark	A Practical Approach to Uncomplicated Seizures in Children Uncomplicated seizures and epilepsy are common in infants and children. Not all uncomplicated childhood seizures require neuroimaging or treatment...
Nursing November 2007 Matthews, Miller & Mott	Getting Ahead of Acute Meningitis & Encephalitis Learn how to distinguish between these common central nervous system infections and respond appropriately.
American Family Physician December 15, 2005 Bamberger & Boyd	Management of Staphylococcus aureus Infections Because of high incidence, morbidity, and antimicrobial resistance, Staphylococcus aureus infections are a growing concern for family physicians.
American Family Physician December 1, 2006 Higdon & Higdon	Treatment of Oncologic Emergencies Family physicians should be familiar with oncologic emergencies because treatment often is necessary before consultation with a subspecialist.
American Family Physician November 15, 2000 Anne D. Walling	Family Practice International One Hundred Earaches... Treatment of URIs in Children... Disciplining Children Without Spanking... Avoiding Dengue Fever in Travelers...
American Family Physician May 15, 2006	Febrile Seizures: What You Should Know A patient guide: What are febrile seizures?... Who gets febrile seizures and why?... How can my doctor tell if my child has had a febrile seizure?... What can I expect?... etc.
American Journal of Nursing July 2008 Kiekkas et al.	Physical Antipyresis in Critically Ill Adults Nurses use a variety of methods to cool critically ill patients, even though there are no guidelines for the treatment of temperature elevation in this population.
Managed Care January 2002 William Silverman	A Health Care Management Company's Experience with Palivizumab On June 19, 1998, the Food and Drug Administration licensed palivizumab, as the first monoclonal antibody introduced into clinical practice for the prevention of an infectious disease, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease...
American Family Physician May 15, 2001	Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: What a Parent Needs to Know Why should my child get this vaccine?... What exactly is the pneumococcal vaccine?... Are there some children who should not get pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or who should wait until they are older?...
Managed Care June 2004 Jack McCain	Health Plans Respond as Microbes Develop Resistance Techniques Managed care is having some success discouraging practices that promote the development of "superbugs."
American Family Physician July 1, 2001 Jeanne P. Spencer	Medications in the Breast-Feeding Mother Prescribing medications for a breast-feeding mother requires weighing the benefits of medication use for the mother against the risk of not breast-feeding the infant or the potential risk of exposing the infant to medications...
American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Bratton & Corey	Tick-Borne Disease It is important for family physicians to consider tick-borne illnesses when patients present with influenza-like symptoms.
Chemistry World February 6, 2013 Harriet Brewerton	Diagnosing bacterial growth Antibiotics are used regularly for treating bacterial infections, but there is currently no quick and simple test to determine the most effective type or dose of antibiotic for a specific patient infection.
American Family Physician January 1, 2005	Urinary Tract Infections A patient hand-out on what causes urinary tract infections, possible signs of the disease, and treatment options.
Managed Care April 2000 Tim Olsen	Physician, Tarnish Not Thine Image Doctors who use the news media to criticize others, rather than initiate a constructive dialog about difficult issues such as antibiotic resistance, help erode the profession's influence.
Chemistry World May 12, 2011 Mike Brown	Sugars recruited in fight against persistent infections Adding sugar to antibiotics can boost their effectiveness and prevent recurrent and chronic infections, according to researchers in the US.
Chemistry World October 29, 2015 Anthony King	Poor diagnostics hinder battle against antibiotic resistance The tools used to diagnose bacterial infections have barely improved since the 1940s.