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American Family Physician September 15, 2001 Richard Colgan & John H. Powers	Appropriate Antimicrobial Prescribing: Approaches that Limit Antibiotic Resistance Physicians should be familiar with the clinical situations in which they should provide antibiotics and those in which they may safely be withheld...
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Wong et al.	Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections To help physicians with the appropriate use of antibiotics in children and adults with upper respiratory tract infection, a multidisciplinary team evaluated existing guidelines and summarized key practice points.
American Journal of Nursing June 2008 Hart et al.	Acute Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance It is important that nurses understand antimicrobial resistance and learn how to help patients, family members, and friends manage acute respiratory infections appropriately.
Managed Care June 2004 Jack McCain	Health Plans Respond as Microbes Develop Resistance Techniques Managed care is having some success discouraging practices that promote the development of "superbugs."
American Family Physician February 15, 2002 Paul W. Ament	Linezolid Its role in the treatment of gram-positive, drug-resistant bacterial infections...
American Family Physician August 1, 2000 Keith B. Holten & Edward M. Onusko	Appropriate Prescribing of Oral Beta-Lactam Antibiotics ...Bacterial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics is increasing at a significant rate and has become a common problem in primary care medicine...
American Family Physician May 15, 2002 Doug Knutson & Chad Braun	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bronchitis Acute bronchitis is one of the top 10 conditions for which patients seek medical care. Because acute bronchitis most often has a viral cause, symptomatic treatment with protussives, antitussives, or bronchodilators is appropriate...
Nutrition Action Healthletter May 2000	Magic Bullets Under Siege ...Antibiotics---drugs that kill bacteria---account for much of our success in the war against infectious illness. But the miracle drugs of medicine are in danger...
American Family Physician August 1, 2005 Susan A. Mehnert-Kay	Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Although the incidence of urinary tract infection has not changed substantially over the last 10 years, the diagnostic criteria, bacterial resistance patterns, and recommended treatment have changed.
American Family Physician February 1, 2002 Catherine M. Oliphant	Quinolones: A Comprehensive Review With the recent introduction of agents such as gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, the traditional gram-negative coverage of fluoroquinolones has been expanded to include specific gram-positive organisms...
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 Charles P. Mouton	Common Infections in Older Adults Despite advances in antibiotic therapy, infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of mortality in older adults. The diagnostic and therapeutic nuances of managing infections in older adults create special challenges for physicians...
AskMen.com Harold Russell	The Lowdown On Superbugs The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant strains of bacteria, commonly referred to as superbugs.
American Family Physician November 1, 2004 Scheid & Hamm	Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Adults: Part II. Treatment Even though most patients with acute rhinosinusitis recover promptly without it, antibiotic therapy should be considered in patients with prolonged or more severe symptoms.
Nursing March 2010 Delahanty & Myers	3 bad bugs Acinetobacter baumannii, Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and infections that develop as a result of antimicrobial therapy, such as Clostridium difficile.
American Family Physician February 1, 2006 Lutfiyya et al.	Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia When a patient presents with suspected community-acquired pneumonia, the physician should first assess the need for hospitalization using a mortality prediction tool, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index, combined with clinical judgment.
Managed Care April 2000 Tim Olsen	Physician, Tarnish Not Thine Image Doctors who use the news media to criticize others, rather than initiate a constructive dialog about difficult issues such as antibiotic resistance, help erode the profession's influence.
American Family Physician March 1, 2005 Ramakrishnan & Scheid	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults There are approximately 250,000 cases of acute pyelonephritis each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. The most common etiologic cause is infection with Escherichia coli.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001	Avoiding Resistance to Antibiotics-- When Do I Need an Antibiotic? When bacteria are exposed to the same antibiotics, after a while the antibiotic can't fight the germs anymore...
American Journal of Nursing June 2008 Mary C. Vrtis	Is Your Patient Taking the Right Antimicrobial? Ways in which bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials and the prevalence and costs of health care-associated infections resulting from antimicrobial resistance.
American Family Physician October 15, 2000 Nancy E. Morden & Ethan M. Berke	Topical Fluoroquinolones for Eye and Ear Topical fluoroquinolones are now available for use in the eye and ear. For the treatment of acute otitis externa, these agents are as effective as previously available otic preparations...
American Family Physician April 15, 2001 Cynthia S. Hayes & Harold Williamson, Jr.	Management of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis Bacteria are responsible for approximately 5 to 10 percent of pharyngitis cases, with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci being the most common bacterial etiology...
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Ostapchuk, Roberts & Haddy	Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children When diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia, physicians should rely mainly on the patient's history and physical examination, supplemented by judicious use of chest radiographs and laboratory tests as needed.
Nurse Practitioner November 2011 Jennifer Shoup	Management of Adult Rhinosinusitis Recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis.
American Family Physician January 15, 2004	Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help What are antibiotics?... Do antibiotics work against all infections?... What is "antibiotic resistance"?... Why should I worry about antibiotic resistance?... How do I know when I need antibiotics?... How should I take the antibiotics that my doctor prescribes?... etc.
American Family Physician December 1, 2000 Norman J. Montalto	Updated Treatment for Influenza A and B The prevention of influenza is best accomplished with a broad-based immunization program...
American Family Physician October 1, 2004	Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help An overview on how antibiotic therapy comes into play in the treatment of the flu and colds.
American Family Physician February 1, 2001 Malcolm L. Brigden	Detection, Education and Management of the Asplenic or Hyposplenic Patient Management of patients with these conditions includes a combination of immunization, antibiotic prophylaxis and patient education...
American Family Physician January 1, 2001 J. David Osguthorpe	Adult Rhinosinusitis: Diagnosis and Management Rhinosinusitis can be divided among four subtypes: acute, recurrent acute, subacute and chronic, based on patient history and a limited physical examination. In most instances, therapy is initiated based on this classification...
American Family Physician October 1, 2001 Michael Luszczak	Evaluation and Management of Infants and Young Children with Fever Acute febrile illness in an infant or a young child is a common clinical scenario that can be a diagnostic challenge. The evaluation is guided by the history and physical examination, along with judiciously selected screening tests...
American Family Physician September 15, 2006	When Antibiotics Can Help A consumer's guide: What are antibiotics?... How do antibiotics work?... What is antibiotic resistance?... How can I prevent antibiotic resistance?...
American Family Physician November 1, 2004 Scheid & Hamm	Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Adults: Part I. Evaluation Although acute rhinosinusitis is often caused by viruses, it sometimes is caused by bacteria, a condition called acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. The signs and symptoms are similar, which makes accurate clinical diagnosis difficult.
Chemistry World October 29, 2015 Anthony King	Poor diagnostics hinder battle against antibiotic resistance The tools used to diagnose bacterial infections have barely improved since the 1940s.
Nurse Practitioner November 2009 Ann Marie Hart	Treatment Strategies for Cough Illnesses in Adults Adults who experience a cough for 2 or more weeks along with vomiting or an inspiratory whooping sound should be evaluated and tested for B. pertussis infection.
American Family Physician August 15, 2001 Melissa H. Hunter	COPD: Management of Acute Exacerbations and Chronic Stable Disease Outpatient management of patients with stable COPD should be directed at improving quality of life by preventing acute exacerbations, relieving symptoms and slowing the progressive deterioration of lung function...
American Family Physician December 1, 2001 John P. Manzella	Quinupristin-Dalfopristin: A New Antibiotic for Severe Gram-Positive Infections Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a streptogramin. This class of antibiotics is an important addition to the options available for the treatment of severe infections caused by gram-positive organisms...
American Family Physician May 15, 2001 Richard Kent Zimmerman	Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Young Children Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, approved in 2000 for use in the United States, was designed to cover the seven serotypes that account for about 80 percent of invasive infections in children younger than six years...
Chemistry World January 30, 2015 Rebecca Trager	Billion dollar package unveiled to fight antibiotic resistance President Obama has made a huge investment in the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria
Chemistry World May 6, 2014 Andy Extance	WHO raises alarm on deadly bacteria The World Health Organization has warned antibiotic resistant bacteria could bring a nightmarish future, where seemingly trivial scrapes turn lethal, and currently routine operations become too risky to contemplate.
American Family Physician June 15, 2004 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides Clinical Question: What is the best way to manage uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM) in otherwise healthy children? The answer follows.
Chemistry World February 12, 2015 Dinsa Sachan	Target ignorance to tackle resistance After the discovery of the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) gene, which renders some bacteria resistant to most antibiotics, India has attracted global criticism for not being able to contain antibiotic resistance.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Thibodeau & Viera	Atypical Pathogens and Challenges in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are implicated in up to 40 percent of cases of community-acquired pneumonia.
American Family Physician October 1, 2006	Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help What are antibiotics?... Do antibiotics always work?... What is bacterial resistance?... What can I do to help myself?... etc.
American Family Physician June 15, 2001 Peter J. Carek	Diagnosis and Management of Osteomyelitis Acute osteomyelitis is the clinical term for a new infection in bone. This infection occurs predominantly in children and is often seeded hematogenously...
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Colgan et al.	Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults A common dilemma in clinical medicine is whether to treat asymptomatic patients who present with bacteria in their urine. There are few scenarios in which antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic bacteruria has been shown to improve patient outcomes.
Nurse Practitioner July 2011 Lori Mertz	Meningococcal Disease: Early Recognition is Vital to Patient Outcomes Education of healthcare professionals to improve identification and provide immediate treatment of patients with symptoms consistent with meningococcal disease will result in improved outcomes.
American Family Physician December 15, 2005 Bamberger & Boyd	Management of Staphylococcus aureus Infections Because of high incidence, morbidity, and antimicrobial resistance, Staphylococcus aureus infections are a growing concern for family physicians.
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Norman J. Montalto	An Office-Based Approach to Influenza: Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing Vaccination is the primary measure for preventing morbidity and mortality from influenza. During the influenza season, family physicians must distinguish influenza from the common cold and other flu-like illnesses.
American Family Physician December 15, 2000	Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help Antibiotics are strong medicines that can stop some infections and save lives. When they aren't used the right way, antibiotics can cause more harm than good. You can protect yourself and your family by knowing when you should use antibiotics and when you should avoid them...
American Family Physician October 15, 2004 Furman, Rayner & Tobin	Pneumonia in Older Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities Compared with community-dwelling persons, residents in long-term care facilities have more functional disabilities and underlying medical illnesses and are at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases. Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this group.
Chemistry World March 13, 2013 Ned Stafford	Antibiotic resistance is a 'ticking time bomb' Global research efforts to develop new antibiotics need to be accelerated urgently, the UK government's chief medical officer has warned. She adds that that new drugs are desperately needed to fight the 'catastrophic threat' of growing antimicrobial resistance.