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Military & Aerospace Electronics July 2005 Gurnett & Adams	Lead-free processing involves several board issues As worldwide electronics manufacturing moves slowly and unevenly into lead-free materials and processes, board assemblers should pay attention to six areas of potential problems.
Military & Aerospace Electronics August 2008 Tom Adams	Revised moisture sensitivity standard includes lead-free components The revised standard, J-STD-020D, is used by component manufacturers to expose a given component type to a specific temperature/humidity environment and then test the component.
Military & Aerospace Electronics December 2004	Lead-Free Movement Complicates Electronic Parts Traceability Electronics manufacturers at all levels are increasingly concerned with the implications of lead-free processing. The real challenge in military applications will be to ensure that all components are clearly identified at all stages as lead or lead-free.
Military & Aerospace Electronics October 2007 Gurnett & Adams	The danger of hybrid-solder boards If a hybrid board fails in military or aerospace applications, the consequences could be severe.
Military & Aerospace Electronics January 2008 Gurnett & Adams	Achieving Reliability with Lead-Free Solders Strategies for improving the characteristics, behavior, and reliability of lead-free solders.
Military & Aerospace Electronics December 2008 Tom Adams	Standard Gives Guidance for Alloy Conversion Using Hot-Solder Dip Military and aerospace received allowance to continue to use lead solder. However, the elimination of lead soldered components by electronics companies has left the military and aerospace unable to buy components on the market.
Military & Aerospace Electronics June 2005 Lee, Hillman & Kim	Industry News: How to Predict Failure Mechanisms in LED and Laser Diodes Optical circuits provide an opportunity for meeting military and avionics performance needs. But predicting the reliability of these products can be difficult for the reliability engineer with little experience in optoelectronic technology. Here's where an engineer can start.
Military & Aerospace Electronics April 2006 Gurnett & Adams	A Military and Aerospace Future for Board-Embedded Chips? There are as yet no distinctly military or aerospace applications for embedded chips, but the advantages that these structures provide are so compelling that their use in military applications seems inevitable within a few years.
Military & Aerospace Electronics July 2008 Gurnett & Adams	Farewell to Surface Mount? The idea of placing components inside the printed circuit board (PCB), rather then on the surface, has come and gone several times. Today, however, the concept is re-appearing with more promise and credibility than it has before.
Military & Aerospace Electronics August 2006 Courtney E. Howard	Electronics Designers Grapple with Lead-Free Solder Guidelines The European Union WEEE/RoHS directives cause concern in the military and aerospace market as to the availability and reliability of lead-free electronic components.
National Defense September 2009 Jean & Erwin	Higher Prices and More Failures Predicted for Defense Electronics All electronics from Europe are required to be made with lead-free solder. However, U.S. defense and aerospace users have documented over $1 billion of damage resulting from failure of the lead-free electronics.
Military & Aerospace Electronics November 2006 Gurnett & Adams	Blazing speed is the goal of embedded passives The real purpose of 3-D integration is higher speed and better performance, not merely shrinkage of the physical dimensions.
Military & Aerospace Electronics January 2008 Chris Reynolds	Tin-Lead Components Alive and Well in the Military Sector Contrary to popular opinion, tin-lead termination devices are alive and well, and many devices are readily available from stock.
IEEE Spectrum March 2011 Apte et al.	Advanced Chip Packaging Satisfies Smartphone Needs Clever chip packaging means mobile devices can be smaller and smarter
PC Magazine January 12, 2005 Bill Machrone	It's Cool to Be Cold You actually can touch the tip a couple of seconds after you've soldered a joint and not burn yourself.
IEEE Spectrum June 2006 Rao R. Tummala	Moore's Law Meets Its Match By 2010, the "More Than Moore's Law" movement -- which focuses on system integration rather than transistor density -- will lead to revolutionary megafunction electronics.
Military & Aerospace Electronics March 2008 Gurnett & Adams	Achieving Reliability with Lead-Free Solders Experts believe lead-free solders can achieve the same high levels of component and system reliability that military and aerospace users have become accustomed to during 50 years of tin-lead solder use.
Military & Aerospace Electronics June 2006 Gurnett & Adams	Copper-post technology shows promise for cooling in military applications The change from solder bumps to copper posts has far-reaching implications for advanced electronics in military and aerospace applications.
IEEE Spectrum April 2010 James Turner	Build a Custom-Printed Circuit Board PCBs aren't so hard to make and needn't break the bank
Military & Aerospace Electronics May 2009 J.R. Wilson	Electronic thermal management is heading to the wall Systems designers who are used to boosting electronic system performance by adding ever-more transistors may have to rethink their design approaches.
Military & Aerospace Electronics April 2009 J.R. Wilson	Lead-Free RoHS on Military Electronics Procurement Worldwide environmental requirements to use lead-free solder continues to squeeze military system designers.
IEEE Spectrum August 2007 Paul Wallich	Deeply Superficial Hackers must develop new tricks to modify the guts of today's surface-mount hardware.
Linux Journal March 21, 2006 Colin McGregor	The Linux Infrared Remote Control (LIRC) Project Want to build an infrared remote control for your laptop, MythTV or hidden computer? Learn how.
Military & Aerospace Electronics October 2005 Gurnett & Adams	Can ISO Standards Smooth the Lead-Free Transition? In the long run, the global legislative demand being made by lead-free rules and the European Reduction of Hazardous Substances rule in the consumer world will benefit military and aerospace users.
Military & Aerospace Electronics November 2005	Technology Cools Components During Lead-Free Assembly Cookson Electronics Assembly Materials is offering ALPHA CoolCap technology to cool components and semiconductor packages during high-temperature lead-free rework and reflow.
Military & Aerospace Electronics December 2008 Keith Nardone	Combating the Military's Tin Whisker Threat: No-Lead Strategies for Power Products Global transition to lead-free material has raised concerns regarding reliability of electronic interconnects, especially for the military and aerospace community.
Military & Aerospace Electronics July 2006 John Keller	Could RoHS Mean the End of COTS as we Know it? The electronics industry's move away from using solders containing lead is setting up a clash between private industry, both here and in Europe, and the U.S. military that may well lead to the end of the COTS era as we have come to know it.
Military & Aerospace Electronics January 2007	Cobar offers CobarCore lead-free solder This solder delivers excellent wetting, bright solder joints, and clear, noncorrosive residues.
Military & Aerospace Electronics January 2007 John McHale	Lead-Free Evaluation and Protocol in Lineup for 2007 Military Technologies Conference Department of Defense (DOD) and industry experts will discuss procedures and methods for dealing with lead-free compliance.
Military & Aerospace Electronics July 2007 Keith Gurnett & Tom Adams	RoHS One Year Later: Supplies of Leaded Solder Drying up When the EU's Restriction of Hazardous Substances legislation took effect one year ago, it marked the beginning of the end for most electronics assemblies containing leaded solder, and the beginning of a nearly universal franchise for lead-free solders.
Military & Aerospace Electronics August 2007 Courtney E. Howard	The Cost of Compliance: A RoHS Retrospective The military and aerospace industry continues to grapple with lead-free challenges a year after the European Union restricts the use of hazardous substances.
IEEE Spectrum August 2011 James Turner	DIY Essentials Does your do-it-yourself workbench have everything you need?
IEEE Spectrum April 2012 Tom Burke	The Poor Man's Solder Reflow Oven A cheap controller and a Walmart toaster oven kept the price down
Home Toys April 2005 Frank Geissler	Now, Your Home Will Call You When There's a Problem While away, temperatures in your home or business will be carefully monitored, and you will automatically be notified via telephone whenever there is a dramatic on-site change in ambient temperature or other conditions.
Military & Aerospace Electronics May 2007 John Keller	GEIA Lead-Free-Solder Guidelines to be Released by Early 2008 Raytheon, working under the auspices of the Government Electronics Industries Association (GEIA), will release its guidelines on performance and qualification testing for lead-free solder during the first quarter of 2008
Chemistry World September 2, 2013 Simon Hadlington	New ceramic can handle the heat Researchers in the UK have created a new ceramic oxide with tunable thermal expansion: it can expand, contract or remain unchanged in response to heat depending upon the proportion of key components used to make it.
InternetNews April 9, 2004 Michael Singer	Chipmakers Going Lead-Free Intel, AMD and National Semiconductor begin a drive to reduce the heavy metal content on their chips by as much as 95 percent.
Military & Aerospace Electronics February 2007 John McHale	Thermal-management challenges highlight Military Technologies Conference 2007 U.S. Department of Defense and industry experts to discuss thermal and power management at the Military Technologies Conference (March 27 and 28, 2007) in Boston.
Military & Aerospace Electronics October 2005 John Keller	Lead-Free Solder: A Train Wreck in the Making Companies are walking away from leaded solders because they see their economic futures elsewhere, driven primarily by the European program to limit the use of lead. Where this trend places the military, at least in the short term, is in a lot of trouble.
Military & Aerospace Electronics June 2009	Cookson Electronics introduces lead free solder paste to help with RoHS compliant electronics The paste is water soluble and free of halide to help manufacturers meet RoHS guidelines.
Popular Mechanics May 2006 Mike Allen	Repairing Electrical Wiring How to identify and fix a short circuit in your car.
Military & Aerospace Electronics December 2004	New Products Overload-protected plastic relays for military and aerospace... Remote solid-state power-controller board... Electrically conductive adhesive solders... Rugged low-noise amplifiers for GPS applications.. etc.
Military & Aerospace Electronics September 2006	Lead-Free Solder Regulation Unfairly Given a Bad Name for Military Applications Does lead-free solder really not provide the reliability needed for military applications.
Military & Aerospace Electronics April 2009	AVX Introduces Tantalum Capacitors for Boosting Transmitter Power in Wireless Express Cards AVX has developed a PulseCap capacitor in a low-profile package for applications such as PCMCIA/USB wireless express cards, where bulk capacitance is necessary to boost transmitter power.