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Chemistry World March 15, 2009 Lewis Brindley	Age of Photosynthesis Questioned Photosynthesis could have been flourishing on Earth nearly a billion years earlier than previously thought, according to a study by American geochemists.
Geotimes November 2007 Nicole Branan	Volcanoes May Have Swallowed Early Earth's Oxygen New research suggests that early Earth did have oxygen during parts of the Archean (between 3.8 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), but volcanoes swallowed it up, thus preventing life from thriving.
Chemistry World November 10, 2010 Mike Brown	Sulfur story unearths oxygen environment Earth's atmosphere could have supported complex life 400 million years earlier than thought, according to sulfur isotope signatures found in some of the oldest rocks on Earth.
Geotimes August 2006 Jennifer Yauck	Microbes Reshuffle Earth's Early History Previously, scientists used microfossil evidence to date the earliest eukaryotes to about 1.8 billion years old, and the earliest cyanobacteria to about 2.1 billion years old. Now, geologists present new evidence suggesting both types of organisms existed as early as 2.45 billion years ago.
Chemistry World May 27, 2014 Robert Newton	Oxygen: a four billion year history Donald Canfield delivers his explanations with a deft hand, bringing us the evidence for oxygen's history on the Earth's surface.
Chemistry World May 13, 2014 Tim Wogan	Chemistry calculations reveal Earth's inner core Theoretical calculations have confirmed that the Earth's core contains a significant proportion of oxygen.
Geotimes November 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Airing Out an Early Atmosphere Scientists have generally thought that oxygen was scarce in Earth's atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago. Now a study based on new evidence suggests that oxygen may actually have been around longer than previously thought.
Chemistry World July 3, 2015 Ida Emilie Steinmark	Iron found in ancient rock is recycled from bacteria Isotopic analysis suggests that some of the iron within rock formations was processed by bacteria 2.5 billion years ago
Chemistry World May 28, 2014 Ian Randall	Earth's earliest continent formed like Iceland The Earth's first continents may have formed in a geological setting similar to modern-day Iceland, according to the geochemical analysis of a newly discovered rock unit from Canada.
Chemistry World July 22, 2011 David Bradley	Cracking diamonds reveals continental origins An analysis of the mineral inclusions in diamonds dredged up by eruptions from deep within the Earth has allowed scientists to get a handle on when the process of plate tectonics began.
Geotimes March 2005 Naomi Lubick	Revisiting the Lost City This discovery of this hydrothermal vent community has a wide range of implications, from Earth's methane cycles to the search for early life forms -- and life elsewhere in the universe.
Geotimes June 2006 Katie Unger	Ancient Methane-Makers Researchers extracted methane gas from hydrothermal dikes in Western Australia and say that microbes produced the gas, which is evidence of some of Earth's earliest life.
Chemistry World May 28, 2013	Extreme extraction Imagine how extreme it would be to mine at the bottom of the ocean or on asteroids in the depths of space. That is exactly what a few pioneering companies are planning to do.
Geotimes July 2004 Sara Pratt	Core Compositions Scientists are working to explain the differences in composition between Earth and Mars.
Geotimes October 2006	Geocatastrophes Catastrophe and Opportunity in an Ancient Hot-House Climate... When the Mediterranean Dried Up: Forensics of a Geocatastrophe... The Great Death: Redefining a Mass Extinction...
Geotimes August 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Early Life Lines Make Waves Life on Earth just got a little older. New evidence from an ancient rock formation in Australia is bolstering one side of a long-standing debate: that the earliest life on Earth helped shape thousands of finely-layered sediment mounds within the rock.
Geotimes July 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Earth Soaks up Seawater Geologists have long thought that seawater does not travel very far through Earth's interior A new geochemical study, however, is challenging that notion, saying that traces of seawater exist deep inside the planet.
Geotimes December 2005 Kathryn Hansen	Mammal Growth Spurt About 50 million years ago, mammals started to breathe easier -- and also to grow more easily, paleontologists say.
Chemistry World April 16, 2009 Jon Cartwright	Isolated microbes survive for millions of years Researchers in the US and the UK have found microbes in the Antarctic that appear to have survived in isolation, without sunlight or new supplies of nutrients, for more than a million years.
Geotimes July 2007 Kathryn Hansen	Ancient Ocean Burps A sediment core extracted from the ocean floor off the coast of Baja, Calif., indicates two "burps" of carbon dioxide were once released from a deep, stagnant part of the ocean.
Chemistry World October 2, 2014 Tim Wogan	Photosynthesis-free route to oxygen gives early Earth atmosphere clues A direct mechanism for producing oxygen from carbon dioxide using far ultraviolet radiation has been experimentally demonstrated by researchers in the US, confirming a 14-year-old theoretical prediction.
Geotimes March 2006 Kathryn Hansen	Titanic Methane Mystery Solved? The case of the elusive source of methane on Titan, Saturn's largest moon, could soon come to a close, some astronomers say. A new model suggests that instead of storage within surface lakes or an ocean, methane lies inside an icy crust and periodic changes release it into the atmosphere.
Geotimes May 2004 Sara Pratt	Ocean Anoxia Researchers are using microfossils to date ocean anoxic events, or severe oxygen depletion in the ocean, back to 132 million years ago. The findings will open up several new avenues of inquiry including the impact of the global carbon cycle perturbation on the biosphere as a whole.
Geotimes December 2004 Sara Pratt	Acidic Waters Threaten Sea Life High acidity in the world's oceans may be threatening coral populations, such as those in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
Chemistry World January 31, 2008 Richard Van Noorden	Ocean Hydrocarbons Made From Rocks Researchers investigating 60-meter high carbonate chimneys in the Atlantic Ocean have discovered that hydrocarbons seeping out from the vents don't come from a biological source such as bacteria, plants or animal matter.
Geotimes December 2003 Sara Pratt	Cool Cambrian triggers life A controversial hypothesis put forth by a team of German researchers says the Cambrian explosion -- the momentous increase in biodiversity 542 million years ago that spawned most modern animal groups -- was caused by life itself.
Geotimes March 2007 Carolyn Gramling	Nitrogen Cycle in Oceans Surprises Researchers Once thought to occur half a world apart, two key parts of the global nitrogen cycle are actually occurring side by side, according to a new study.
Geotimes December 2005 Naomi Lubick	Slushball Life Hundreds of millions of years ago, a carapace of ice may have periodically covered the entire planet. New research, however, indicates that microbes seem to have thrived in certain places that they should not have during that time, leading scientists to conclude that the snowball was more slushy than frozen solid.
Geotimes May 2007 Kathryn Hansen	Deep Earth May Hold an Ocean Earth's deep interior, more than 1,000 kilometers below the surface in the mantle, could prove to be a watery place. That's the conclusion researchers drew from an anomaly uncovered by the first global map of Earth's lower mantle, using a new type of seismic analysis.
Chemistry World May 1, 2014 James Urquhart	Ancient oceans' metals mimicked metabolism Primitive metabolism of sugar phosphates may have started spontaneously in ancient oceans around 4 billion years ago and given rise to life, according to UK researchers.
Geotimes November 2007 Carolyn Gramling	Acid Rain Alters Coastal Waters Excess carbon dioxide, sulfur and nitrogen from fossil fuel burning, agricultural runoff and other human sources are changing ocean chemistry -- and that impact is especially pronounced along the coasts, new research suggests.
Chemistry World April 23, 2009 Hayley Birch	Wetlands caused ancient methane belch Air trapped in ancient ice has revealed the likely source of the sudden spike in atmospheric methane concentrations that occurred at the end of the last ice age
Geotimes April 2006 Megan Sever	Undersea Methane Not to Blame New research is indicating that for at least three abrupt warming periods over the past 40,000 years, the warming was accompanied by, but not caused by, an increase in methane, and the methane increase was from the land, not the sea.
Chemistry World July 10, 2009 James Urquhart	Wider menu for methane-eating microbes Marine dwelling microbes that consume methane for energy and produce carbon dioxide may do so by using a larger array of oxidants than previously thought. This may offer insight into the possibility of extraterrestrial life on methane rich bodies like Mars.
Chemistry World June 26, 2015 Osman Mohamed	Single catalyst simplifies water splitting Scientists in Switzerland have shown that a nickel catalyst, capable of hydrogen evolution, can also stably generate oxygen at low overpotentials in alkaline solution.
Salon.com June 29, 2001 Suzy Hansen	We've got company Astronomer David Darling talks about the controversial science of astrobiology and the near-certainty that extraterrestrial life forms exist in our solar system...
Chemistry World August 31, 2012 Simon Hadlington	'Ocean methane paradox' solved? Numerical simulation of methane production by methanogenic microorganisms suggests that up to 400 billion tonnes of methane could be sitting under the ice. If the ice sheet collapses due to a warming climate, this could release the gas, which in turn would increase warming, the researchers say.
Chemistry World February 13, 2014 Simon Poulton	The Earth as a cradle for life This enjoyable book by Stacey and Hodgkinson takes a long-term view of Earth's development as a habitable planet, incorporating physical, chemical and biological processes on the early Earth, to the modern world.
Geotimes January 2006 Kathryn Hansen	Plant Methane Surprises Climate Scientists Atmospheric scientists have long blamed cattle and microbes for the production of significant amounts of methane on Earth. But the discovery of a new large source of methane, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, is putting trees on the hot seat.
Reactive Reports Issue 37 David Bradley	X-rays Reveal PSII Secret The possibility of using solar energy and water as a cheap source of hydrogen and oxygen is a step closer thanks to British researchers who discovered how the photosynthetic centre in a cyanobacterium works.
Popular Mechanics March 2007 Jennifer Bogo	NASA Mission Statement Q&A: Eyes on Earth Interview with a professor involved in a study to find out how Earth scientists view NASA's shifting priorities and how it may affect the study of the planet.
Chemistry World July 27, 2009 James Urquhart	From methane to liquid gold The world's supplies of oil may be larger than we think - or at least that is what researchers from the US, Russia and Sweden are speculating now they have shown that hydrocarbons can be formed in the mantle from methane.
Chemistry World August 25, 2013 Daniel Johnson	Unconsidered chemistry could amplify global warming A link between the world's oceans' pH and climate change that has, until now, passed unnoticed could dramatically speed up global warming by lowering production of a smelly molecule, dimethyl sulfide, important for cloud formation.
Geotimes February 2006 Kathryn Hansen	Titanic Methane Rivers Without evidence for methane-producing life, the leading hypothesis remains that Titan's visible volcanoes tap into an underground methane reservoir and bring it to the surface.
The Motley Fool March 17, 2011 Shubh Datta	China Likely to Lose Rare Earth Metal Market Dominance China, which currently dominates the production of rare earth metals, may soon become an importer of them.
Science News March 17, 2001	TimeLine: March 14, 1931 70 Years Ago in Science News: New Welded Pipe Line Carries Water to San Diego... Age of Earth Determined as Over 2,000,000,000 Years... Moon Lacks Oxygen, Its Light Proves...
Chemistry World August 28, 2007 Tom Westgate	Repairing DNA Could Let Frozen Bacteria Survive for Millennia An international team of scientists believe they have strong evidence that bacteria trapped in permafrost are able to survive for hundreds of thousands of years by repairing their DNA.
Wired May 22, 2007 Amy Cortese	Belching Bovines Are Bad for the Environment: How to Clear the Air Thanks to a ruminant stomach and a diet heavy in grass, a single heifer belches up to 300 pounds of methane a day
Geotimes February 2004	Call for ocean policy overhaul America needs a new ocean policy. That's the message coming out of several sessions at last week's meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences which focused on the health of America's oceans.
Geotimes October 2006 Jennifer Yauck	Shifting Winds Churn up Dead Zone This past summer, fishermen off the Oregon coast hauled up their crab pots filled with dead crabs. Scientists say that extremely low levels of oxygen in the area's shallow ocean waters were to blame, and are now trying to understand exactly what drives the phenomenon.