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Finance & Development June 2010 Finger & Sadikov	Lowering Public Debt Many countries have slashed their public debt ratios in the past, often thanks to macroeconomic conditions. They may be less lucky in the future.
Finance & Development December 2010 Baldacci et al.	Getting Debt under Control In dealing with the aftermath of the Great Recession, policymakers must pay attention to the mix of austerity policies.
Finance & Development September 2010 Mark Horton	How Grim a Fiscal Future? For most advanced economies, both the near term and the longer term are tight, but there are ways to ease budget pressures
Finance & Development March 2009 Carlo Cottarelli	Paying the Piper The role of medium-term fiscal policy in rebounding from the crisis.
Finance & Development September 2010 Kevin Cheng	The Long Run Is Near France, like many advanced economies, confronts the expensive needs of a rapidly aging population
Finance & Development March 1, 2001 Martin Muhleisen & Hamid Faruqee	Japan: Population Aging and the Fiscal Challenge With Japan facing a demographic crisis, government finances--stretched to the limit to keep the economy afloat--have to cope with the rising strain on public pension and health systems. This article looks at the economic and fiscal costs of aging in Japan...
Finance & Development September 1, 2000 Robert A. Feldman & C. Maxwell Watson	Central Europe: From Transition to EU Membership The Central European countries have made considerable progress with the transition to a market economy and now face the challenge of developing macroeconomic policy frameworks on the road to EU accession.
Finance & Development September 2011 Laurence Ball et al.	Painful Medicine Although advanced economies need medium-run fiscal consolidation, slamming on the brakes too quickly will hurt incomes and job prospects.
Finance & Development December 2009 Baldacci & Gupta	Fiscal Expansions: What Works There is a firm link between the composition of fiscal policy and the length of a financial crisis.
Finance & Development June 2009 Horton & El-Ganainy	Back to Basics: What Is Fiscal Policy? What is fiscal policy? And, how can fiscal tools provide a boost to the world economy?
Finance & Development September 2009 Carlo Cottarelli & Jose Vinals	Looking Ahead Countries must begin now to devise economic strategies to accompany the recovery.
Finance & Development March 1, 2001 Alvin D.L. Hilaire	Economic Stabilization in the Caribbean Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago simultaneously tackled serious economic difficulties in the early 1990s. The results of their adjustment programs demonstrate that fiscal reform, supported by other policies, may be the key to achieving a sustainable recovery...
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Eduardo Aninat	Chile in the 1990s: Embracing Development Opportunities A review of Chile's recent economic performance shows that, overall, the 1990s were a period of vigorous and unprecedented expansion, with average annual GDP growth of 6.5 percent. While 1999 was a time of economic adjustment after the fallout of the Asian crisis, Chile is now ready to resume healthy growth in 2000 and beyond..
Finance & Development June 2011	Beyond Retirees How countries change their pension systems and whether they do it in tandem have major implications for global economic health.
Finance & Development June 2009 Eyzaguirre et al.	Latin America: When Is Fiscal Stimulus Right? For some Latin American countries stimulus is appropriate during the global economic crisis. But for others the answer is less clear.
Finance & Development September 2010 Laurence J. Kotlikoff	A Hidden Fiscal Crisis A noted U.S. economist says debt figures seriously understate long-term budget problems in the United States
Finance & Development March 1, 2003 Barnett & Ossowski	What Goes Up... Why oil-producing states must husband their resources
Finance & Development September 1, 2006 Anthony Annett	Reform in Europe: What Went Right? Successful economic and social reformers can offer valuable lessons for the rest of the EU.
Finance & Development September 1, 2000 Emine Gurgen	Central Asia: Achievements and Prospects Although the five Central Asian countries in transition have made progress in moving to a market economy, they still have far to go and need to intensify their reform efforts.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Jose Angel Gurria	Mexico: Recent Developments, Structural Reforms, and Future Challenges In recent years, the Mexican government has implemented a series of economic reforms to strengthen the country's fundamentals and increase its ability to cope with external shocks. Because of the progress that has been made, the government is confident that Mexico will be able to leave recent crises behind and start the new millennium with a stable and growing economy.
Finance & Development March 2011 Mario Mesquita	Great Expectations Brazil's economic success has raised the bar for that country, at home and abroad.
Finance & Development December 2011 Florence Jaumotte	Fixing the Flaws in EMU The euro area's long-term survival requires a fundamental transformation of policymaking
Finance & Development June 1, 2006 Citrin & Wolfson	Japan's BACK! Growth in Japan, the world's second-largest economy, would have knock-on effects throughout Asia and the global economy and contribute to a more balanced pattern of global growth. This would also help to reduce global current account imbalances.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Leonardo Cardemil, Juan Carlos Di Tata, & Florencia Frantischek	Central America: Adjustment and Reforms in the 1990s Following a weak performance in the 1980s, the Central American economies experienced a turnaround in the 1990s as they adopted improved policies within a more stable political environment. Now, how can they best maintain macroeconomic stability, continue structural reforms, and strengthen social policies to maximize rates of economic growth and reduce the incidence of poverty?
Finance & Development June 1, 2006 Burton et al.	Asia's Winds of Change The path that Asian countries have traveled to growth and prosperity in the past 50 years will remain relevant for the future -- the embrace of openness, the commitment to macroeconomic stability, and the drive to adapt and reform in response to changing circumstances.
Knowledge@Wharton March 26, 2003	Europe's Budget Battles Argue for a Kinder, Gentler Fiscal Pact The euro's recent rise against the dollar disguises deepening strains in the fiscal foundations of the single European currency that argue for a rethink of the rules governing the finances of participating nations.
Finance & Development March 2011 Clements et al.	Healing Health Care Finances Health care presents a daunting fiscal challenge in advanced and emerging economies alike, but reforms can help manage the growth of spending fairly and efficiently.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Catherine L. Mann	Is the U.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable? The U.S. current account deficit, driven by the United States' widening trade deficit, is the largest it has ever been, both as a share of the U.S. economy and in dollar terms. How much longer can the United States continue to spend more than it earns and support the resumption of global growth?
BusinessWeek January 19, 2004	Bush's Borrowing Is Sapping Our Strength The GOP-led Congressional Budget Office says tax cuts will likely slow growth
Finance & Development December 2010 Dao & Loungani	The Tragedy of Unemployment Governments can do more to alleviate joblessness and its human costs.
Finance & Development September 2010 Michel Camdessus	By the Rule In France, a commission proposes a rule-based framework to set the country on a path to balanced budgets.
Finance & Development June 2011	Balancing the Burden The costs of benefits for current retirees fall more on future Americans than on future Italians.
Finance & Development December 1, 2005 Singh & Collyns	Latin America's Resurgence Latin America's recent resurgence amid continuing favorable external conditions provides another historic opportunity for the region to catalyze its considerable natural and human capital resources into sustained and higher growth.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Claudio M. Loser & Martine Guerguil	The Long Road to Financial Stability Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean weathered the economic crises of the late 1990s better than expected, thanks to the policy reforms of the past two decades. Further reform is urgently needed, however, to put the region on a faster growth path and reduce its vulnerability to external shocks.
Finance & Development June 2009 Marek Belka	Europe Under Stress The global economic crisis is testing the cohesion of the European Union
The Motley Fool April 7, 2010 Thomas F. Cooley	(Don't) Read My Lips: Higher Taxes Are Inevitable Given current fiscal realities, higher taxes are inevitable.
BusinessWeek May 19, 2011 Tom Keene	Tom Keene Talks to Goldman's Andrew Tilton The senior U.S. economist for Goldman Sachs talks about the outlook for the rest of 2011.
IndustryWeek December 16, 2010	The Competitive Edge: The Federal Deficit Comes Into Focus Slashing the federal deficit promises significant benefits for manufacturers.
Finance & Development June 1, 2005 Peter Heller	Back to Basics -- Fiscal Space: What It Is and How to Get It Although the term is new, the concept is not. It has long been an element of sound fiscal analysis. And the challenge of creating fiscal space is one that has always confronted governments and their advisors, including international financial institutions like the IMF.
Finance & Development September 2011 Celine Allard	More Europe, Not Less The euro area is learning from its debt crisis that it needs a more centralized approach to fiscal and financial policies.
Finance & Development March 1, 2003 Adam Bennett	Failed Legacies Escaping the ghosts of central economic planning
National Defense May 2010 Conetta & Knight	For National Security's Sake, The Pentagon Has to Tighten its Belt President Obama has called for a freeze on most federal agency spending, notably exempting national defense.
Finance & Development December 1, 2001 Davis, Ossowski, Daniel & Barnett	Oil Funds: Problems Posing as Solutions? Heavy dependence on oil revenues---which are volatile and unpredictable, and will, sooner or later, dry up---greatly complicates a country's fiscal policy. To tackle these problems, many oil-producing countries are setting up oil funds. But are these really a solution, or just a problem posing as one?
The Motley Fool June 27, 2006 Mike Norman	America IS Fiscally Responsible But bad ideas from the "Debt Doomsday" crowd can bring on trouble. While it's true that the nominal figures have grown, it's a mistake to examine the national deficit and debt numbers without some frame of reference.
Finance & Development June 2009 Berglof et al.	A Tale of Two Crises Russia is still a resource-dependent economy that must diversify in a market-friendly way
Finance & Development December 2010	Stimulus Worked Without the quick and massive policy response, the Great Recession might still plague the United States.
Finance & Development September 1, 2007 Jonathan Anderson	Solving China's Rebalancing Puzzle The trends most likely to drive corporate earnings and the trade surplus back to more sustainable levels over the next few years are the gradual end of excess capacity growth, the subsequent return of net import demand, and lower overall GDP growth.
Finance & Development September 1, 2005 Andrews et al.	Ethiopia: Scaling Up Assessing the impact of a dramatic increase in aid on one of Africa's poorest countries.
Finance & Development June 2010 Linda Yueh	A Stronger China China can emerge from the crisis stronger if it increases domestic demand and promotes global integration.
Finance & Development December 2010	Emerging Markets Come of Age These vibrant middle-income countries survived the global recession, but face bumps as they seek to solidify their place in the world economy.