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American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Satpathy et al.	Diagnosis and Management of Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure With early diagnosis and proper management the prognosis of diastolic dysfunction is more favorable than that of systolic dysfunction. Distinguishing diastolic from systolic heart failure is essential because the optimal therapy for one may aggravate the other.
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 Steven A. Dosh	Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Adults The evaluation of symptomatic patients with suspected heart failure is directed at confirming the diagnosis, determining the cause, identifying concomitant illnesses, establishing the severity of heart failure, and guiding therapy.
American Family Physician July 15, 2000 Showkat A. Haji	Update on Digoxin Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart failure is a progressive disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the incidence and prevalence of congestive heart failure have increased in recent years...
American Family Physician June 1, 2001 Benjamin Shipton & Haney Wahba	Valvular Heart Disease: Review and Update People with valvular heart disease are living longer, with less morbidity, than ever before. Advances in surgical techniques and a better understanding of timing for surgical intervention account for increased rates of survival...
American Family Physician December 1, 2006 Dout, Lehman & Glasziou	The Role of BNP Testing in Heart Failure With the increasing availability of assays for the measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a cardiac hormone, blood tests may have a role in detecting, monitoring, and perhaps preventing chronic heart failure.
American Family Physician November 15, 2001 Melvin D. Cheitlin	Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered? This article discusses the pathophysiologic basis of the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation, with the purpose of providing practical recommendations to help physicians determine when surgical intervention is necessary
American Family Physician September 1, 2001 William E. Chavey	Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Caused by Systolic Dysfunction Part I: Guideline development, etiology and diagnosis...
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 McConaghy & Smith	Outpatient Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure Optimal outpatient treatment of systolic heart failure has three goals that should be pursued simultaneously: (1) control of risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure, (2) treatment of heart failure, and (3) education of patients.
Nursing December 2009 Vincent M. Vacca	On the Alert for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Progressive and ultimately fatal, pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease of the pulmonary arterial vasculature with no known cause.
American Family Physician August 15, 2006 Morris, Hatcher & Reddy	Digoxin Therapy for Heart Failure: An Update Digoxin therapy has long been used to treat heart failure; however, its effectiveness was not completely known until recently. Results of the Digitalis Investigation Group trial showed that adding digoxin to standard heart failure therapy had no effect on mortality.
American Family Physician September 15, 2001	Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Caused by Systolic Dysfunction: Part II. Treatment Treatment recommendations for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction...
American Family Physician February 1, 2005 Dickerson & Gibson	Management of Hypertension in Older Persons Antihypertensive therapy has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in older patients with elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressures.
American Family Physician April 15, 2005 Karnani, Reisfield & Wilson	Evaluation of Chronic Dyspnea Chronic dyspnea is defined as dyspnea lasting more than one month. Information is presented on diagnosis, assessment and treatment for chronic dyspnea.
American Journal of Nursing May 2009 Kristen J. Overbaugh	Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary artery disease, in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries and restricts the flow of blood (and therefore the delivery of oxygen) to the heart, continues to be the number-one killer of Americans.
American Family Physician May 1, 2001 Trenton D. Nauser & Steven W. Stites	Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Regardless of the etiology, unrelieved pulmonary hypertension can lead to right-sided heart failure. Signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are often subtle and nonspecific...
American Family Physician April 15, 2001 Robert E. Hoyt & Lester Shawn	Reducing Readmissions for Congestive Heart Failure Hospital admission for congestive heart failure is extremely common and quite expensive, although it is frequently preventable...
Nurse Practitioner March 2011 Lauren Wierwille	Pediatric Heart Murmurs: Evaluation and management in primary care This review includes an overview of cardiac assessment, distinguishing features of innocent and pathologic murmurs, differential diagnosis of murmurs, and current referral recommendations.
Nurse Practitioner November 2011 Tracy Brazziel et al.	Stopping the Wave of PAD Early detection and diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease is imperative. Here, learn the risk factors, screening and diagnosis for this disease.
American Family Physician November 15, 2006 Fletcher, Mills & Taylor	Update on Exercise Stress Testing Exercise stress testing is an important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of suspected or known cardiac disease.
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Mark W. Niedfeldt	Managing Hypertension in Athletes and Physically Active Patients Athletes and other physically active patients should be screened for hypertension and given appropriate therapy if needed.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Magill et al.	New Developments in the Management of Hypertension Advances in the management of hypertension have refined our understanding of systolic blood pressure, nutrition, medication selection, and hypertension in special populations.
American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Hanna & Wenger	Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients A review of the scientific evidence for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly.
Nurse Practitioner February 2012 Wood & Gordon	Preventing CVD in women: The NP's role This article focuses on the new American Heart Association guidelines for preventing cardiovascular disease in women and the nurse practitioner's role in implementing them.
American Family Physician November 15, 2000 Tarik M. Ramahi	Beta Blocker Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure Recent studies have shown that beta blocker therapy improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in patients who have chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction...
Nursing March 2011 Mink & Miller	Stroke, Part 2: Respond aggressively to hemorrhagic stroke Patients may arrive at the hospital any time from minutes to days after a hemorrhagic stroke, and nurses need to be prepared for the unique challenges associated with their care.
American Family Physician April 15, 2003 Adan & Crown	Diagnosis and Treatment of Sick Sinus Syndrome Sick sinus syndrome comprises a variety of conditions involving sinus node dysfunction and commonly affects elderly persons. While the syndrome can have many causes, it usually is idiopathic.
American Family Physician December 1, 2000 William E. Chavey	The Importance of Beta Blockers in the Treatment of Heart Failure Traditionally, beta blockers have been considered to be contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Recently, however, several large randomized, controlled mortality trials have been stopped early because of the effects of beta blockers...
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Daphne P. Bicket	Using ACE Inhibitors Appropriately Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have documented clinical benefits in a variety of clinical situations, the disparity between the evidence from clinical trials and bedside medicine is well documented.
American Family Physician December 1, 2000 Assad Movahed	Beta Blockers and Congestive Heart Failure Heart failure is a complex condition, and its treatment requires consideration of two separate goals: symptom relief and tertiary prevention...
Nursing March 2009 Kate J. Morse	Focusing on the Surgical Patient with Cardiac Problems Learn about the latest guidelines for assessing cardiac risk and protecting his heart during noncardiac surgery.
American Family Physician June 15, 2002 A. Kesh Hebbar	Management of Common Arrhythmias: Part II. Ventricular Arrhythmias and Arrhythmias in Special Populations Patients with established heart disease and premature ventricular complexes have a higher likelihood of developing ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
American Family Physician April 15, 2006 Eric L. Anderson	Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a disorder in which normal myocardium is replaced by fibrofatty tissue. This disorder usually involves the right ventricle, but the left ventricle and septum also may be affected.
American Family Physician June 15, 2002 A. Kesh Hebbar	Management of Common Arrhythmias: Part I. Supraventricular Arrhythmias Family physicians frequently encounter patients with symptoms that could be related to cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardias.
American Family Physician July 15, 2002 Dana E. King	Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Part I. Rate and Rhythm Control Atrial fibrillation is the arrhythmia most commonly encountered in family practice. Initial treatment is directed at controlling the ventricular rate. Medical or electrical cardioversion to restore sinus rhythm is the next step in patients who remain in atrial fibrillation.
American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Ezekowitz et al.	Stroke: Strategies for Primary Prevention Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Every year, approximately 500,000 Americans have a first stroke, and approximately 20 percent die within 30 days. This article summarizes strategies that have been shown to be effective in stroke prevention.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Nina Solenski	Transient Ischemic Attacks: Part II. Treatment Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack.
American Family Physician February 15, 2005 Allan V. Abbott	Diagnostic Approach to Palpitations An increased or abnormal awareness of the heartbeat, palpitations are a common symptom in patients presenting to family physicians. Palpitations can be symptomatic of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Nursing September 2009 AnneMarie Palatnik	Too fast, too slow, too ugly: Dysrhythmias that every nurse should recognize Learn how to recognize an abnormal cardiac rhythm and intervene appropriately.
Nurse Practitioner September 2011 Wells & Kalman	Women & Heart Disease: Symptoms and Treatment Guidelines Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for women. Nurse practitioners need to educate women about their risk and follow practice guidelines.
Nursing March 2010 Peg Gray-Vickrey	Gathering pearls of knowledge for assessing older adults If you attended nursing school more than 10 years ago, you may have received limited education about gerontological nursing. But as baby boomers age, this is becoming an increasingly important area of nursing practice.
AskMen.com September 1, 2003 Mike Davison	Do You Have High Blood Pressure? With approximately 58 million -- or one in four -- American adults suffering from high blood pressure, how do you know for certain if you are at risk? Arm yourself with the facts and find out.
American Family Physician June 1, 2006 Wexler & Aukerman	Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Managing Hypertension Hypertensive therapy interventions in the US, such as lifestyle and dietary modification, often are overlooked. Although some lifestyle modifications may seem to offer only minimal blood pressure-lowering effects, they should not be discounted.
Nursing June 2011 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2011: Part 2 In this article, you'll learn about seven recently approved drugs, including: fingolimod hydrochloride, an oral drug indicated to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
American Family Physician July 15, 2002 Dana E. King	Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Part II. Prevention of Thromboembolic Complications Family physicians should be familiar with the acute management of atrial fibrillation and the initiation of chronic therapy for this common arrhythmia. Part II of this two-part article focuses on the prevention of thromboembolic complications using anticoagulation.
Nursing June 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New drugs 2010, part 2 In this article, you'll learn about 14 recently marketed new drugs.
Nursing February 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2010, PART 1 In this article, you'll learn about 16 new drugs.
American Family Physician July 15, 2002	Atrial Fibrillation What is atrial fibrillation?... Who gets atrial fibrillation and why?... How can my doctor and I tell that I have atrial fibrillation?... How is atrial fibrillation treated?... What can I expect in the future?
The Motley Fool April 3, 2009 Brian Orelli	Gilead: Helping Investors Cope With the Market Diversifying seems to be paying off for the drugmaker.
Nutra Solutions June 2, 2006	A Robust Recovery Cellular energy recovery can be critical for patients suffering from chronic diseases such as fibromyalgia, diastolic heart dysfunction leading to congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and fatigue syndrome.