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Finance & Development
September 1, 2000
Stanley Fischer & Ratna Sahay |
Taking Stock Economic performance has differed widely among the transition economies. The best performers are countries that were the most committed to reform at the start and that have carried out reforms rapidly and consistently.   |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2000
Oleh Havrylyshyn & John Odling-Smee |
Political Economy of Stalled Reforms Powerful vested interests in some of the transition countries oppose further reform. But, even in this difficult climate, reform can and should continue. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2000
Raj Desai & Itzhak Goldberg |
Stakeholders, Governance, and the Russian Enterprise Dilemma Over the past decade, Russia's efforts to achieve economic growth and restructure its economy have been seriously hampered by a dearth of investment and the proliferation of barter and arrears. Given current conditions, how might Russian economic reform efforts best be supported? |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2001
Joel Hellman & Daniel Kaufmann |
Confronting the Challenge of State Capture in Transition Economies In transition economies, corruption has taken on a new image -- that of so-called oligarchs manipulating policy formation and even shaping the emerging rules of the game to their own, very substantial advantage. We refer to this behavior as state capture... |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2000
Emine Gurgen |
Central Asia: Achievements and Prospects Although the five Central Asian countries in transition have made progress in moving to a market economy, they still have far to go and need to intensify their reform efforts. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2001
Harry G. Broadman |
Competition and Business Entry in Russia Reforming anticompetitive business structures and lowering barriers to entry are key to Russia's post-privatization reform program... |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2001
Michael P. Keane & Eswar S. Prasad |
Poland: Inequality, Transfers, and Growth in Transition Poland is one of the great success stories of transition. Poland's success can be attributed to its early stabilization program, the strength of its subsequent market-oriented reforms, and generous social programs... |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2001
Neil Gregory & Stoyan Tenev |
The Financing of Private Enterprise in China A 1999 survey of more than 600 private Chinese enterprises revealed that they relied primarily on self-financing. For China's private sector to thrive, firms will need increased access to external loan and equity financing... |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2001
Christian Keller & Peter S. Heller |
Social Sector Reform in Transition Countries Transition countries need to reform their social sectors to promote the welfare of their citizens and spur economic growth. In part, this means building up and redesigning social safety nets and addressing problems. It also requires cutting some benefits and privileges... |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2006
Zagha, Nankani & Gill |
Rethinking Growth Economists are reconsidering what they really know about economic growth and how to go about formulating global national policies in the absence of reliable models. |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2000 |
Book reviews Without a Map: Political Tactics and Economic Reform in Russia by Andrei Shleifer and Daniel Treisman evaluates the reforms of the 1990s... Money and Markets: A Wall Street Memoir by Henry Kaufman both inspirational and educational... |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2001
Bannister & Thugge |
International Trade and Poverty Alleviation How does trade liberalization affect the poor, and how can they be protected against its negative short-term effects? |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2000
Claudio M. Loser & Martine Guerguil |
The Long Road to Financial Stability Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean weathered the economic crises of the late 1990s better than expected, thanks to the policy reforms of the past two decades. Further reform is urgently needed, however, to put the region on a faster growth path and reduce its vulnerability to external shocks. |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2003
Edward Gardner |
Wanted: More Jobs High unemployment in the MENA region presents formidable challenges for policymakers |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2001
Guy Pfeffermann |
Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries: The Role of Private Enterprise The role of private enterprise in development has been neglected by scholars, governments, and aid organizations. This is regrettable: a vibrant private sector generates jobs, raises incomes, and makes better, cheaper goods and services available... |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2003
Adam Bennett |
Failed Legacies Escaping the ghosts of central economic planning |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2007
Dollar & Wei |
Underutilized Capital If the investment bias toward inefficient state enterprises ended, China could increase living standards substantially without sacrificing growth. |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2000
Janos Kornai |
Making the Transition to Private Ownership When the former centrally planned economies began the transition to a market economy one decade ago, there was strong disagreement on the best way to carry out ownership reform. 10 years into transition, experience has proved that organic development was the best strategy. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2002 |
Book Reviews The International Financial Architecture: What's New? What's Missing? by Peter B. Kenen... Corporate Financing and Governance in Japan: The Road to the Future by Takeo Hoshi and Anil K. Kashyap... Building Capitalism: The Transformation of the Former Soviet Bloc by Anders Aslund... etc. |
Finance & Development
September 2008
Ravallion & van de Walle |
Land and Poverty in Reforming East Asia Lessons from Vietnam's agrarian reforms |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2002
Dimitri G. Demekas |
Southeastern Europe After the Kosovo Crisis In the wake of the Kosovo crisis, the countries of Southeastern Europe have made great strides. What form should their reform agenda take, and what lessons can the international community draw for helping other postconflict regions? |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2000
Pedro Pou |
Argentina's Structural Reforms of the 1990s Argentina experienced serious economic and financial difficulties in the 1980s. Hyperinflation in 1989-90 finally elicited the necessary political consensus for reform. Despite areas of concern, structural reforms implemented in the 1990s have set Argentina on the path to sustained growth. |
Finance & Development
June 2010
Guillaume & Zytek |
Reducing the Staggering Costs of Cheap Energy Eliminating domestic energy subsidies is tricky, but oil-exporting countries that do so will see a clear payoff. |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2006
Hausmann, Rodrik & Velasco |
Getting the Diagnosis Right A new approach to economic reform: Because across-the-board reforms are politically difficult and have often failed to achieve growth, countries need to figure out the one or two most binding constraints on their economies and then focus on lifting those. |
Finance & Development
September 2008
Prasad & Rajan |
Next Generation Financial Reforms for India A new report advocates a shake-up in India's financial system to underpin growth |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2003
George T. Abed |
Unfulfilled Promise Why the Middle East and North Africa region has lagged in growth and globalization |
Finance & Development
June 2009
Marek Belka |
Europe Under Stress The global economic crisis is testing the cohesion of the European Union |
Finance & Development
June 2010
Olaf Unteroberdoerster |
Serving Up Growth Promoting the services sector in Asia is another way to restore balance and boost growth. |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2001
Abdellatif Saddem |
How Tunisia Is Meeting the Challenges of Globalization Tunisia has adopted a package of economic and social measures with a view to becoming more competitive in the world economy. |
Finance & Development
March 2011
Giuliano et al. |
Free Governments, Good Policies Economic reforms may scare politicians, but democracy and economic liberalization generally go hand in hand. |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2005
Singh & Collyns |
Latin America's Resurgence Latin America's recent resurgence amid continuing favorable external conditions provides another historic opportunity for the region to catalyze its considerable natural and human capital resources into sustained and higher growth. |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2000
Leonardo Cardemil, Juan Carlos Di Tata, & Florencia Frantischek |
Central America: Adjustment and Reforms in the 1990s Following a weak performance in the 1980s, the Central American economies experienced a turnaround in the 1990s as they adopted improved policies within a more stable political environment. Now, how can they best maintain macroeconomic stability, continue structural reforms, and strengthen social policies to maximize rates of economic growth and reduce the incidence of poverty? |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2006
Robert H. Bates |
Beyond the Ballot Box Political reform and policy reform in contemporary Africa. |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2000
Nora Lustig & Nicholas Stern |
Broadening the Agenda for Poverty Reduction: Opportunity, Empowerment, Security Experience from the 1990s has led to a poverty reduction agenda that, in addition to promoting economic growth, addresses ingrained inequalities, institutional failures, social barriers, and other risks. |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2006
Baily & Farrell |
Breaking Down Barriers to Growth Encouraging competition is key to reviving stalled industrial economies. |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2006
Christensen et al. |
Bankable Assets Africa faces many obstacles in developing financial systems. New markets and institutions need to be able to flourish. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2005
de la Torre & Schmukler |
Small Fish, Big Pond What is the future for developing country capital markets in a globalized economy? |
Finance & Development
June 2010
Linda Yueh |
A Stronger China China can emerge from the crisis stronger if it increases domestic demand and promotes global integration. |
Finance & Development
December 1, 2001
Evangelos A. Calamitsis |
The Need for Stronger Domestic Policies and International Support Globalization is a powerful engine of world prosperity, and it is certainly here to stay. Income disparities remain large. The basic issue is what policies and reforms are most likely to bring about sustainable economic growth for the benefit of all the peoples of the world. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2006
Burton et al. |
Asia's Winds of Change The path that Asian countries have traveled to growth and prosperity in the past 50 years will remain relevant for the future -- the embrace of openness, the commitment to macroeconomic stability, and the drive to adapt and reform in response to changing circumstances. |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2007
Aziz & Dunaway |
China's Rebalancing Act China's economic miracle may be at risk unless the country relies more on domestic consumption. |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2002
Berg & Krueger |
Lifting All Boats: Why Openness Helps Curb Poverty It is important to assess the quality of the evidence regarding the links between openness, growth, and poverty reduction. This article provides a critical survey of recent studies. |
Finance & Development
December 2011 |
To Sell or Not Although the push for privatization took different forms in different parts of the world, it was part of a broader movement aimed at reducing the role of government in the economy and at increasing reliance on markets and prices. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2007
Burton & Zanello |
Asia Ten Years After A decade after the Asian financial crisis, the region is growing rapidly but still has a long to-do list. |
Finance & Development
September 1, 2006
Anthony Annett |
Reform in Europe: What Went Right? Successful economic and social reformers can offer valuable lessons for the rest of the EU. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2006
Citrin & Wolfson |
Japan's BACK! Growth in Japan, the world's second-largest economy, would have knock-on effects throughout Asia and the global economy and contribute to a more balanced pattern of global growth. This would also help to reduce global current account imbalances. |
Finance & Development
June 1, 2006
Andrew Sheng |
The Art of Reform Both domestic and global investors will look to regulatory assessments to judge for themselves the quality of Asia's market governance. And they might also want to remind themselves of the ancient dictum: he who knows the competition and himself wins in the global competitive game. |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2007
Yaga Venugopal Reddy |
Point of View: Converting a Tiger The Reserve Bank of India's governor offers lessons from the country's gradualist approach to capital account convertibility. |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2001
Flemming Larsen |
The IMF's Dialogue with Nongovernmental Organizations The IMF is responding to questions about its role in today's world economy by reaching out to civil society at large and to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in particular... |
Finance & Development
March 1, 2003 |
Book reviews The Ills of Aid: An Analysis of Third-World Development Policies, by Eberhard Reusse... Efficiency, Equity, and Legitimacy: The Multilateral Trading System at the Millennium... Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East... etc. |
